NUR 1210 - Care of Mother and Child

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for preventable deaths and disabilities during pregnancy and delivery?

Environmental factors

Insufficient care during pregnancy and delivery (correct)

Genetic factors

Inadequate nutritional intake

What is the reported daily average of infant deaths in the year mentioned?

60 infant deaths (correct)

30 infant deaths

45 infant deaths

75 infant deaths

Which condition was NOT identified as one of the top three leading causes of infant mortality?

Respiratory distress of newborn

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

Congenital anomalies (correct)

Pneumonia

What was the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) reported in the year?

12.5 deaths per thousand live births Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of registered infant deaths were reported in the data?

4.1 percent Signup and view all the answers

Which problem continues to pose a major challenge in mother-to-child transmission?

HIV infection Signup and view all the answers

What was the trend in the number of registered infant deaths from the previous year?

Decreased by more than one percent Signup and view all the answers

Which health system issue contributes to challenges in managing maternal and infant care?

Lack of management capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the maternal mortality rate reported by UNICEF in 2013?

120 per 100,000 live births Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the situation of maternal deaths in the Philippines?

Seven out of ten deaths occur at childbirth or shortly after. Signup and view all the answers

How many women die daily due to complications in childbirth according to UNICEF?

Every 24 hours, 11 women Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of deaths is attributed to complications and widespread infections?

4 out of 10 deaths Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of maternal and child health nursing care?

To promote optimal family health and childbearing Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of births in rural areas are delivered outside a health facility?

8 out of 10 births Signup and view all the answers

For every maternal death, how many additional women become sick?

40 women Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in maternal and child health over the past four decades?

Significant improvements have been realized. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an individual as male in terms of sex chromosomes?

Having one X and one Y chromosome Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an individual's outward appearance and gene expression?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What does the term genotype refer to?

The allele combinations an organism possesses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of dominant genes?

They are always expressed in the phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What does a normal human genome abbreviation signify?

A total of 46 chromosomes with both sex chromosomes present Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes heterozygous traits?

Different alleles from each parent Signup and view all the answers

What principle was discovered by Gregor Mendel in the 1800s?

The laws of mendelian inheritance Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between homozygous traits and chromosomes?

They involve two identical alleles from both parents Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes X-linked dominant inheritance?

It appears in every generation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability that a female child of a heterozygous affected mother will inherit the condition?

50% Signup and view all the answers

In X-linked recessive inheritance, what occurs if a male inherits the affected gene from his mother?

He will express the disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of diseases caused by homozygous recessive inheritance?

They require the affected gene from both parents. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a female inherits an affected X-linked recessive gene?

She will be heterozygous and usually unaffected. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a condition associated with X-linked dominant inheritance?

Alport’s syndrome Signup and view all the answers

How do males manifest X-linked recessive diseases compared to females?

Males express the disease due to only one X chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

What is incorrect about X-linked inheritance patterns?

Female carriers transmit the condition to all offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of amniocentesis during pregnancy?

To analyze amniotic fluid for genetic abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age is amniocentesis typically performed?

14 to 16 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What fluid is analyzed during amniocentesis, and what is a significant component of that fluid?

Amniotic fluid; alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that an elevated AFP level is not a false-positive result during amniocentesis?

Absence of acetylcholinesterase in the specimen Signup and view all the answers

What technique is primarily used to guide the amniocentesis procedure?

Ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are typically karyotyped during amniocentesis?

Skin cells found in the amniotic fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of amniotic fluid?

Directly supplies oxygen to the fetus Signup and view all the answers

What volume of amniotic fluid is typically withdrawn during the amniocentesis procedure?

20 mL Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Maternal and Neonatal Mortality

Health of mothers and children in the Philippines is crucial for future generations, emphasizing optimal family health.
Maternal mortality rate has improved but remains concerning at 120 per 100,000 live births as of 2013, down from 160 in 2009.
Daily maternal deaths average approximately 11, with prevalent deaths occurring during childbirth or shortly after.
Major causes of maternal death include complications and infections, with 4 out of 10 deaths attributed to these issues.
For every maternal death, an estimated 40 women suffer from severe health complications.
Rural health care access is limited; about 80% of births in rural areas occur outside health facilities.
Insufficient management capacity within the health system and a lack of political will exacerbates maternal health issues.
Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is a significant challenge, with up to 45% of infected mothers transmitting the virus.

Infant Mortality

The infant mortality rate (IMR) stood at 12.5 per 1,000 live births in 2013, reflecting a slight decrease in registered infant deaths from 22,254 to 21,992.
Top causes of infant mortality include pneumonia (14.3%), bacterial sepsis (12.4%), and respiratory distress (10.7%).
The leading causes of infant mortality remained consistent from 2012 to 2013, with changes only in their rankings.

Genetics and Genetic Counseling

Sex chromosomes determine biological sex: XX indicates female, XY indicates male.
Phenotype describes outward appearance; genotype is the actual genetic composition.
A normal genome is typically represented as 46XX for females and 46XY for males.
Mendelian inheritance principles govern the inheritance of physical traits and diseases, categorized as dominant and recessive patterns.
Homozygous traits possess identical genes from both parents; heterozygous traits possess different genes.
Dominant genes will express in preference to recessive genes (e.g., brown eye gene over blue eye gene).

Inheritance Patterns

X-linked dominant inheritance affects all female offspring of affected males, with male offspring unaffected; the condition appears in every generation.
X-linked recessive disorders generally manifest in males since they have only one X chromosome, meaning they express the disorder if affected.

Genetic Assessment Techniques

Chorionic villi sampling is used to analyze genetic material from trophoblast cells, reflecting fetal chromosome structure.
Amniocentesis involves withdrawing amniotic fluid for genetic analysis, typically performed between the 14th and 16th weeks of pregnancy.
Analysis of amniotic fluid includes karyotyping for chromosomal abnormalities and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing, ensuring accuracy in results.

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Description

This quiz covers key topics from NUR 1210, including maternal and neonatal mortality, high-risk maternal conditions, and genetics in nursing. It is designed for nursing students to assess their understanding of care for mothers and children at risk or with problems. Prepare to enhance your knowledge in maternal and child healthcare.