Questions and Answers
What are the main elements of communication mentioned in the text?
Source, destination, data transmission medium
Which media are used in data communications according to the text?
Electrical conductors, light pipes, electromagnetic transmission
What does the term 'point-to-point' topology refer to?
Direct transmission from one point to another
How are members of a network described in terms of relationships?
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Which number systems are used for human readability in coding and data analysis?
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Which number system is used in data transmission systems due to its simplicity as an on-off signal?
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What is used to organize bit patterns into information?
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What is used to organize text into codings, such as ASCII?
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What type of signals represent continuous quantities and are commonly used in industrial communications?
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$4–20 ext{ mA}$ current loop signal is a widely used industrial communications standard for representing what range?
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What is the difference in electrical potential called?
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What is the opposition a conductor offers to current called?
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What is the opposition a conductor offers to a changing current value, measured in Ohms?
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Why did the ISA50 committee establish the current loop as a standard?
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What are the three modes of transmission in data communications?
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What does simplex mode allow in terms of communication?
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What is the characteristic of half-duplex mode?
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What is the advantage of duplex mode?
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What type of transmission uses one channel to send bits one after the other?
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What is a challenge faced by parallel transmission?
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What is the coding for the uppercase C in binary?
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What is the coding for the lowercase c in binary?
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What is the difference between the binary coding for uppercase and lowercase letters?
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What does ASCII stand for?
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What problem arises when using only 7 bits plus 1 bit for parity in ASCII?
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What did EBCDIC use instead of a parity bit for error detection?
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What was one of the first interface problems of the PC age related to character encoding?
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What is Unicode primarily used for?
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What is the latest version of Unicode as of June 2015?
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How many characters does the latest version of Unicode have?
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What is the purpose of the 250-ohm resistor in the current loop?
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What is a fieldbus in the context of industrial control?
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What does IEC 61158 define in the industrial fieldbus context?
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What is the role of the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)?
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What was the IBM 4 of 8 Code used for?
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What is EBCDIC an extended version of?
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What is the significance of ASCII being a 7-bit code transmitted as an 8-bit signal?
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What is the main difference between EBCDIC and ASCII?
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What was the role of the parity bit in ASCII?
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Study Notes
- Multi-drop systems consist of a master station and slave stations, also classified as a network.
- In data communications, there are three modes of transmission: simplex, half-duplex, and duplex.
- Simplex, or unidirectional mode, allows communication in one direction.
- Half-duplex mode allows communication in both directions but not at the same time.
- Duplex mode allows communication in both directions simultaneously.
- Serial transmission uses one channel and sends bits one after the other.
- Parallel transmission uses multiple channels and sends multiple bits at once.
- Parallel transmission has higher data throughput but faces challenges with logistics and simultaneous reception over distance.
- Cross-talk increases with signaling rate, making it increasingly difficult to obtain faster data rates.
- Most data transmissions outside of computer cabinets are by serial transmission, while parallel transmission is used in computers.
- Parallel transmission is being replaced by serial transmission technologies like USB.
- Digital signals have defined discrete states, and binary digital signals have only two states: a "1" or a "0."
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