Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two families of nitrogenous bases?
What are the two families of nitrogenous bases?
Which type of sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?
Which type of sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?
What type of bonds join adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide?
What type of bonds join adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide?
What is the name given to nitrogenous bases that can bond together due to their shapes?
What is the name given to nitrogenous bases that can bond together due to their shapes?
Signup and view all the answers
In a DNA molecule, how do the two polynucleotides run in relation to each other?
In a DNA molecule, how do the two polynucleotides run in relation to each other?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is DNA used for long-term information storage in cells instead of RNA?
Why is DNA used for long-term information storage in cells instead of RNA?
Signup and view all the answers
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
Signup and view all the answers
Which atoms are involved in forming covalent bonds in organic molecules?
Which atoms are involved in forming covalent bonds in organic molecules?
Signup and view all the answers
What gives organic molecules different chemical properties?
What gives organic molecules different chemical properties?
Signup and view all the answers
How are macromolecules formed from monomers?
How are macromolecules formed from monomers?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the general term for the building blocks of proteins?
What is the general term for the building blocks of proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the long molecules formed by many amino acids linked together?
What is the term for the long molecules formed by many amino acids linked together?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a structural difference between DNA and RNA?
What is a structural difference between DNA and RNA?
Signup and view all the answers
Which pentose sugar is found in DNA?
Which pentose sugar is found in DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the major functions of carbohydrates?
What are the major functions of carbohydrates?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides during polymerization?
What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides during polymerization?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA and not found in DNA?
Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA and not found in DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the general term for the monomers of carbohydrates?
What is the general term for the monomers of carbohydrates?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of polysaccharide is primarily used by animals for energy storage?
Which type of polysaccharide is primarily used by animals for energy storage?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of cellulose in plant cell walls?
What is the function of cellulose in plant cell walls?
Signup and view all the answers
Which class of large biological molecules do not form polymers?
Which class of large biological molecules do not form polymers?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason why lipids are hydrophobic?
What is the primary reason why lipids are hydrophobic?
Signup and view all the answers
Which lipid is important for cell membranes due to its amphipathic nature?
Which lipid is important for cell membranes due to its amphipathic nature?
Signup and view all the answers
What do lipids primarily function as in biological systems?
What do lipids primarily function as in biological systems?
Signup and view all the answers
How is the primary structure of a protein determined?
How is the primary structure of a protein determined?
Signup and view all the answers
What can radically alter protein function?
What can radically alter protein function?
Signup and view all the answers
What is responsible for forming a protein's secondary structure?
What is responsible for forming a protein's secondary structure?
Signup and view all the answers
What contributes to the distinctive three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide?
What contributes to the distinctive three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide?
Signup and view all the answers
When does a protein acquire its unique three-dimensional shape?
When does a protein acquire its unique three-dimensional shape?
Signup and view all the answers
What results in quaternary structure in proteins?
What results in quaternary structure in proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does protein synthesis take place in a eukaryotic cell?
Where does protein synthesis take place in a eukaryotic cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component of the endomembrane system is mainly involved in the synthesis of lipids?
Which component of the endomembrane system is mainly involved in the synthesis of lipids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in protein synthesis?
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in protein synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which region of the endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes?
Which region of the endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a eukaryotic cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins in a eukaryotic cell?
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins in a eukaryotic cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of microfilaments in cell division of animal cells?
What is the primary function of microfilaments in cell division of animal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What structures are found in the centrosome of animal cells?
What structures are found in the centrosome of animal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of centrioles in cell division?
What is the role of centrioles in cell division?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is the exact function of centrioles in cell division unclear?
Why is the exact function of centrioles in cell division unclear?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
Signup and view all the answers
What would be the consequence if the lysosomal membrane breaks down?
What would be the consequence if the lysosomal membrane breaks down?
Signup and view all the answers
At what pH are the hydrolytic enzymes within lysosomes active?
At what pH are the hydrolytic enzymes within lysosomes active?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organelle in a eukaryotic cell is primarily responsible for packaging materials into transport vesicles?
Which organelle in a eukaryotic cell is primarily responsible for packaging materials into transport vesicles?
Signup and view all the answers
What maintains the acidic internal pH of lysosomes?
What maintains the acidic internal pH of lysosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which molecules can cause oxidative stress in cells by reacting with and damaging DNA and lipid-based molecules?
Which molecules can cause oxidative stress in cells by reacting with and damaging DNA and lipid-based molecules?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for anchoring the nucleus and certain organelles in a cell?
Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for anchoring the nucleus and certain organelles in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of microfilaments within a cell?
What is the function of microfilaments within a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which components control the beating of cilia and flagella in cells?
Which components control the beating of cilia and flagella in cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of catalases and peroxidases within cells?
What is the primary role of catalases and peroxidases within cells?
Signup and view all the answers
In what cellular activity are microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments all involved?
In what cellular activity are microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments all involved?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells in terms of their extracellular structure?
What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells in terms of their extracellular structure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which protein is the most abundant in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of most animal cells?
Which protein is the most abundant in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of most animal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some key functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells?
What are some key functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which molecule is responsible for protecting the plant cell, maintaining its shape, and preventing excessive water uptake?
Which molecule is responsible for protecting the plant cell, maintaining its shape, and preventing excessive water uptake?
Signup and view all the answers
What do ECM proteins bind to in the plasma membrane of animal cells?
What do ECM proteins bind to in the plasma membrane of animal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of carbohydrates are plant cell walls primarily made of?
What type of carbohydrates are plant cell walls primarily made of?
Signup and view all the answers
