Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following components with their respective nucleic acids:

Deoxyribose = DNA Ribose = RNA Thymine = DNA Uracil = RNA

Match the following processes with their descriptions:

DNA replication = Semi-conservative replication ensuring genetic continuity Hydrolysis of ATP = Release of energy to form ADP Condensation of ADP = Production of ATP during respiration Phosphorylation = Making compounds more reactive

Match the following nitrogenous bases with their corresponding nucleic acids:

Adenine = Both DNA and RNA Cytosine = Both DNA and RNA Guanine = Both DNA and RNA Thymine = DNA only

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Polynucleotide = A long chain of nucleotides Phosphodiester bond = Link between nucleotide monomers Condensation reaction = Process that forms bonds by releasing water Hydrogen bond = Non-covalent interaction between bases Signup and view all the answers

Match the following roles to nucleic acids:

DNA = Holds genetic information RNA = Transfers genetic information ATP = Energy carrier ADP = Formed from ATP hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following enzymes with their functions:

ATP hydrolase = Catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP ATP synthase = Catalyses condensation of ADP DNA polymerase = Synthesizes new DNA strands Ligase = Joins DNA fragments together Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features to DNA or RNA:

Double helix = DNA Single polynucleotide chain = RNA Contains thymine = DNA Contains uracil = RNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of sugars with their corresponding nucleotides:

Ribose = RNA nucleotide Deoxyribose = DNA nucleotide Glucose = Not a nucleotide component Mannose = Not a nucleotide component Signup and view all the answers

Match the following genetic conditions with their descriptions:

Cystic fibrosis = Caused by a mutation leading to sticky mucus Sickle cell anaemia = Mutation causing distorted red blood cells Hemophilia = A genetic disorder affecting blood clotting Duchenne muscular dystrophy = A condition causing muscle degeneration Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of protein synthesis with their respective definitions:

Transcription = Process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA Translation = Assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide chain Replication = Copying of DNA to produce identical strands Post-translational modification = Changes made to proteins after synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of transcription with their roles:

RNA polymerase = Enzyme that synthesizes mRNA DNA template = Strand used to create mRNA Free nucleotides = Building blocks of the mRNA strand mRNA = Final product of transcription Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their descriptions during DNA replication:

Unwinding = Separation of DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds Base pairing = Joining of free nucleotides to template strands Phosphodiester bond formation = Joining of adjacent nucleotides through condensation reactions Template strands = Strands used to guide the formation of new DNA strands Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of RNA with their functions:

mRNA = Transports code from DNA to ribosomes tRNA = Transfers specific amino acids during translation rRNA = Constitutes the structure of ribosomes snRNA = Involved in RNA splicing Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features of the genetic code:

Non-overlapping = Each triplet is read only once Degenerate = Multiple triplets can code for the same amino acid Phenotypic effect of mutations = Reduced by the degeneracy of the genetic code Codon = Specific sequence that designates an amino acid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their roles in protein synthesis:

Peptide bonds = Connections between amino acids in a polypeptide chain Genetic code = Sequence of bases coding for amino acids Polypeptide chain = Resulting structure from the joining of amino acids Mutations = Changes in base sequences that can affect proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following codons with their roles:

Start codon = Initiates protein synthesis Stop codon = Terminates protein synthesis Codon = Triplet of bases coding for an amino acid Anticodon = Triplet of bases on tRNA complementary to mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following enzymes with their functions in DNA replication:

DNA polymerase = Enzyme that joins adjacent nucleotides DNA helicase = Enzyme that separates DNA strands Ligase = Enzyme that joins broken strands together Primase = Enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers for initiation Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of mutations with their descriptions:

Point mutation = Change in a single nucleotide Insertion = Addition of one or more nucleotides Deletion = Removal of one or more nucleotides Frameshift mutation = Shift in reading frame due to insertion or deletion Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of mutations with their descriptions:

Base deletion = Removal of a base from the DNA sequence Base insertion = Addition of an extra base into the DNA sequence Base substitution = Replacement of one base with another base Silent mutation = Change that does not affect the amino acid sequence Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the correct concepts in DNA structure:

Hydrogen bonds = Hold the two strands of DNA together Complementary base pairing = A pairs with T and C pairs with G Condensation reactions = Forms phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides Strands of DNA = Run in opposite directions and are antiparallel Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the genetic code with their characteristics:

Amino acids = Building blocks of proteins Genes = Sequences of bases coding for polypeptides Codons = Three-base combinations specifying amino acids Ribosomes = Sites of protein synthesis within the cell Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

DNA

A type of nucleic acid that carries genetic information from one generation to the next.

RNA

A type of nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis. It carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

Nucleotide

A monomer that makes up nucleic acids; consisting of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.