Nucleotide Synthesis

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the key difference between ribose and deoxyribose sugars in nucleotide synthesis?

  • Ribose contains a phosphate group on the second carbon, while deoxyribose lacks it.
  • Deoxyribose is synthesized in the cytoplasm, while ribose is synthesized in the nucleus.
  • Ribose contains a hydroxyl group on the second carbon, while deoxyribose contains a hydrogen atom. (correct)
  • Ribose is used exclusively in DNA synthesis, while deoxyribose is used exclusively in RNA synthesis.

During pyrimidine synthesis, what is the direct precursor to uridine monophosphate (UMP)?

  • Orotate
  • Carbamoyl phosphate
  • Carbamoyl aspartate
  • Orotidine monophosphate (OMP) (correct)

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of ribulose 5-phosphate to ribose 5-phosphate during pentose sugar synthesis?

  • Hexokinase
  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
  • Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase
  • Isomerase (correct)

What is the role of ribonucleotide reductase in nucleotide synthesis?

<p>It converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In purine synthesis, inosine monophosphate (IMP) serves as a precursor to which of the following nucleotide(s)?

<p>Both AMP and GMP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions is directly involved in the synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate during pyrimidine synthesis?

<p>Glutamine, bicarbonate, water, and ATP combining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key enzymatic reaction that distinguishes the synthesis of GMP from that of AMP, starting from IMP?

<p>The addition of a hydroxyl group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pyrimidines contains a methyl group?

<p>Thymine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the pentose phosphate pathway, what molecule is formed immediately before ribulose 5-phosphate?

<p>6-phosphogluconate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting UTP to CTP?

<p>CTP synthetase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cofactor is required for the synthesis of dTMP from dUMP?

<p>Tetrahydrofolate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of pyrimidine synthesis compared to purine synthesis?

<p>It synthesizes the ring structure <em>before</em> attaching it to the ribose sugar. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is catalyzed by adenylosuccinate lyase during AMP synthesis?

<p>Cleavage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme converts glucose 6-phosphate to 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone in the pentose phosphate pathway?

<p>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase in pyrimidine synthesis?

<p>To combine orotate with PRPP to form orotidine monophosphate (OMP). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nucleotide conversions involving ribonucleotide reductase is specific to the production of DNA nucleotides?

<p>CMP to dCDP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During GMP synthesis, which molecule donates an amine group to hypoxanthine monophosphate?

<p>Glutamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes utilizes ATP to generate AMP during the synthesis of PRPP?

<p>Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in converting UMP to dTMP?

<p>UMP → dUDP → dUMP → dTMP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nucleotide Components

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and phosphate groups.

Purines

Adenine and guanine; double-ring nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA.

Pyrimidines

Cytosine, uracil, and thymine; single-ring nitrogenous bases.

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

A metabolic pathway that synthesizes pentose sugars, like ribose, for nucleotide synthesis and produces NADPH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hexokinase/Glucokinase

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to glucose, forming glucose 6-phosphate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

PRPP (Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate)

A key intermediate in both purine and pyrimidine synthesis, formed from ribose 5-phosphate and ATP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase II

An enzyme that combines glutamine, bicarbonate, water, and ATP to produce carbamoyl phosphate, a key step in pyrimidine synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

OMP (Orotidine Monophosphate)

The precursor to UMP; formed by combining orotate with PRPP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

UMP Synthase

An enzyme that converts OMP to UMP by removing carbon dioxide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ribonucleotide Reductase

An enzyme that reduces ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, essential for DNA synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

dUMP (Deoxyuridine Monophosphate)

An intermediate in dTMP synthesis, formed from dUDP, which receives a methyl group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thymidylate Synthase

A key enzyme in dTMP synthesis, which adds a methyl group to dUMP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

IMP (Inosine Monophosphate)

The precursor to both AMP and GMP in purine synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

IMP Dehydrogenase

The enzyme used in the GMP pathway that adds a hydroxyl group in hypoxanthine monophosphate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adenylosuccinate Synthetase

Catalyzes the reaction of IMP with aspartate to form adenylosuccinate, a precursor to AMP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adenylosuccinate Lyase

An enzyme that cleaves adenylosuccinate to form AMP, releasing fumarate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

The provided text is identical to the existing notes, so no changes or updates are necessary.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser