23 Questions
What type of reaction occurs when a nucleophile replaces an already existing nucleophile in a molecule?
Substitution reaction
In nucleophilic substitution reactions, which part of the substrate molecule do nucleophiles attack?
Electron-deficient part
What type of atom departs as a leaving group in a nucleophilic substitution reaction involving haloalkanes?
Halogen atom
Which functional groups are examples of ambident nucleophiles with two nucleophilic centers?
Cyanides and nitrites
Why is the cyanide group considered an ambident nucleophile?
Due to its hybrid structure
What type of carbon is typically bonded to the halogen atom in haloalkanes involved in nucleophilic substitution reactions?
sp3 hybridized carbon
In the presence of alcoholic KOH, what is the major product formed when treating alkyl chlorides?
Alkenes
What is the product obtained when primary alkyl halide C₄H₉Br reacts with alcoholic KOH?
Alcohol
When compound (b) obtained from (a) is reacted with HBr, what is the product (c) which is an isomer of (a)?
Alkene
What is the product formed when n-butyl bromide reacts with sodium metal?
Alkane
Which type of reaction involves the departure of a leaving group and the formation of a carbocation?
SN1 Reaction
When alkyl chlorides react with aqueous KOH, what product is predominantly formed?
Alcohols
What is the main reason why the methods used for the preparation of alkyl halides are not applicable for the preparation of aryl halides?
The carbon-oxygen bond in phenols has a partial double bond character.
In free radical monochlorination of (CH3)2CHCH2CH3, how many monochloro structural isomers can be expected to form?
Four
Which rule governs the predominant product formation in the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes?
Markovnikov's rule
What is the color change observed when bromine in CCl4 is added to an alkene in the laboratory?
Reddish brown to colorless
Which type of reaction leads to the synthesis of vic-dibromides from alkenes?
Addition of halogens
Why does free radical chlorination or bromination of alkanes give a complex mixture of isomeric mono- and polyhaloalkanes?
Because free radical reactions lack selectivity.
What is the first step in a Sandmeyer's reaction involving primary aromatic amines?
Treatment with sodium nitrite
Why does the replacement of the diazonium group by iodine not require cuprous halide?
Iodine is more reactive than cuprous halide
What is the key factor that causes bromides and iodides to develop color when exposed to light?
Photochemical reactions
Which statement about alkyl halides is true regarding their color?
Bromides and iodides are colorless when pure
Why are methyl chloride, methyl bromide, ethyl chloride, and some chlorofluoromethanes gases at room temperature?
They have weak intermolecular forces
Learn about nucleophilic substitution reactions involving haloalkanes, where nucleophiles replace existing nucleophiles in the substrate molecule. Understand the mechanism where nucleophiles attack the electron-deficient part of the substrate, leading to a substitution reaction.
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