Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions with Haloalkanes
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Questions and Answers

What type of reaction occurs when a nucleophile replaces an already existing nucleophile in a molecule?

  • Addition reaction
  • Substitution reaction (correct)
  • Reduction reaction
  • Elimination reaction
  • In nucleophilic substitution reactions, which part of the substrate molecule do nucleophiles attack?

  • Electron-deficient part (correct)
  • Positive part
  • Electron-rich part
  • Neutral part
  • What type of atom departs as a leaving group in a nucleophilic substitution reaction involving haloalkanes?

  • Nitrogen atom
  • Carbon atom
  • Halogen atom (correct)
  • Oxygen atom
  • Which functional groups are examples of ambident nucleophiles with two nucleophilic centers?

    <p>Cyanides and nitrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the cyanide group considered an ambident nucleophile?

    <p>Due to its hybrid structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carbon is typically bonded to the halogen atom in haloalkanes involved in nucleophilic substitution reactions?

    <p>sp3 hybridized carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the presence of alcoholic KOH, what is the major product formed when treating alkyl chlorides?

    <p>Alkenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product obtained when primary alkyl halide C₄H₉Br reacts with alcoholic KOH?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When compound (b) obtained from (a) is reacted with HBr, what is the product (c) which is an isomer of (a)?

    <p>Alkene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when n-butyl bromide reacts with sodium metal?

    <p>Alkane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction involves the departure of a leaving group and the formation of a carbocation?

    <p><strong>SN1 Reaction</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    When alkyl chlorides react with aqueous KOH, what product is predominantly formed?

    <p><strong>Alcohols</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why the methods used for the preparation of alkyl halides are not applicable for the preparation of aryl halides?

    <p>The carbon-oxygen bond in phenols has a partial double bond character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In free radical monochlorination of (CH3)2CHCH2CH3, how many monochloro structural isomers can be expected to form?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rule governs the predominant product formation in the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes?

    <p>Markovnikov's rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color change observed when bromine in CCl4 is added to an alkene in the laboratory?

    <p>Reddish brown to colorless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction leads to the synthesis of vic-dibromides from alkenes?

    <p>Addition of halogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does free radical chlorination or bromination of alkanes give a complex mixture of isomeric mono- and polyhaloalkanes?

    <p>Because free radical reactions lack selectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in a Sandmeyer's reaction involving primary aromatic amines?

    <p>Treatment with sodium nitrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the replacement of the diazonium group by iodine not require cuprous halide?

    <p>Iodine is more reactive than cuprous halide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor that causes bromides and iodides to develop color when exposed to light?

    <p>Photochemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about alkyl halides is true regarding their color?

    <p>Bromides and iodides are colorless when pure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are methyl chloride, methyl bromide, ethyl chloride, and some chlorofluoromethanes gases at room temperature?

    <p>They have weak intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

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