60 Questions
What are the main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What is the backbone of a DNA molecule made up of?
Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine in a DNA molecule?
Two
What is the major function of nucleic acids?
Storage of genetic information and material used for the reproduction of the living cell
What does the term 'abiotic' mean in the context of 'abiotic synthesis'?
Without life
Which of the following is a pyrimidine base in DNA?
Cytosine
What is the structure of a DNA molecule described as?
A twisted ladder
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between guanine and cytosine in a DNA molecule?
Three
What is the term used to describe the creation of organic molecules from non-life?
Abiotic synthesis
What is a nucleotide composed of?
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases
Which of the following is NOT considered an organic molecule?
Water
According to the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis, what was believed to be present in the early Earth's atmosphere?
Ammonia, water vapor, and carbon dioxide
What was the key finding of the Miller-Urey experiment?
Organic molecules could be produced without cells
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?
Ability to utilize a source of energy
Which domain includes all multicellular living organisms?
Eukarya
What is the smallest unit of life?
Cells
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in a eukaryotic cell?
Ribosomes
What is the main component of the cell membrane?
Lipids
What is the primary function of the Golgi body in a eukaryotic cell?
Packaging and secretion of proteins
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Synthesizes proteins
What is the primary function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
To maintain membrane fluidity and flexibility
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?
Nucleic acids
What is the function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?
To aid in cell adhesion and recognition
According to the fluid mosaic model, which statement about the cell membrane is correct?
The cell membrane is fluid and flexible
Which process is regulated by the cell membrane to maintain homeostasis?
Osmosis
What is the primary function of proteins in the cell membrane?
To aid in cell adhesion, cell signaling, and material transport
Which statement about homeostasis is true?
Homeostasis is maintained through negative feedback loops
What is the primary structure of the cell membrane?
Two layers of phospholipids arranged like an ice cream sandwich
Which of the following is NOT a way the cell membrane maintains homeostasis?
Regulating enzyme activity
What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids in the cell membrane?
To create a barrier for water and other polar molecules
What is the primary function of nucleic acids according to the text?
To store genetic information and material used for the reproduction of the living cell
What is the backbone of a DNA molecule made up of according to the text?
Phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugar
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine in a DNA molecule according to the text?
Two
What is the term used to describe the creation of organic molecules from non-life according to the text?
Abiotic synthesis
What are the main types of nucleic acids according to the text?
DNA and RNA
What is the structure of a DNA molecule described as in the text?
A double-stranded helix
What is a nucleotide composed of according to the text?
A base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
Which of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA is a pyrimidine according to the text?
Thymine
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between guanine and cytosine in a DNA molecule according to the text?
Three
What is the primary structure of the cell membrane according to the text?
A double layer of phospholipids
What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids in the cell membrane?
To create a barrier that prevents the passage of molecules
Which of the following is a key component of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?
The membrane is fluid and flexible, with proteins and other molecules embedded within it
What is the primary function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?
To aid in cell adhesion and recognition
Which of the following is NOT a way the cell membrane maintains homeostasis?
Facilitating the transport of materials across the membrane
What is the primary function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
To keep the membrane fluid and flexible
Which of the following is a key component of the cell membrane, in addition to phospholipids?
Proteins
What is the primary function of the hydrophilic heads of phospholipids in the cell membrane?
To facilitate the movement of water across the membrane
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?
Nucleic acids
What is the primary function of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis?
To facilitate the movement of materials into and out of the cell
Which of the following is a characteristic of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?
The membrane is fluid and flexible, with proteins and other molecules embedded within it
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To separate the cell from its environment and regulate exchange
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of multicellular organisms?
Composed of a single cell that performs all life processes
What is the primary function of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
To synthesize proteins
Which of the following statements about the early Earth's atmosphere is consistent with the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis?
It contained ammonia and carbon dioxide
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
To control the cell's activities and house the genetic material
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?
Ribosomes
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?
To break down food and release energy
Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue found in humans and animals?
Vascular tissue
What is the primary function of the Golgi body in a eukaryotic cell?
To package and secrete proteins
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?
Ability to generate energy through photosynthesis
Learn about nucleic acids, the long-chain polymers consisting of nucleotides that are essential for living organisms. Explore the differences between DNA and RNA, the main types of nucleic acids, and understand their composition of purines and pyrimidines.
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