Nucleic Acids Summary
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Questions and Answers

What are the main types of nucleic acids?

  • DNA and RNA (correct)
  • Proteins and enzymes
  • Amino acids and peptides
  • Lipids and carbohydrates

    • What is the backbone of a DNA molecule made up of?

  • Amino acids and peptides
  • Proteins and enzymes
  • Lipids and carbohydrates
  • Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups (correct)

    • How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine in a DNA molecule?

  • One
  • Three
  • Four
  • Two (correct)

    • What is the major function of nucleic acids?

    <p>Storage of genetic information and material used for the reproduction of the living cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'abiotic' mean in the context of 'abiotic synthesis'?

    <p>Without life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a pyrimidine base in DNA?

    <p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of a DNA molecule described as?

    <p>A twisted ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds are formed between guanine and cytosine in a DNA molecule?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the creation of organic molecules from non-life?

    <p>Abiotic synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nucleotide composed of?

    <p>Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an organic molecule?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis, what was believed to be present in the early Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Ammonia, water vapor, and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key finding of the Miller-Urey experiment?

    <p>Organic molecules could be produced without cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?

    <p>Ability to utilize a source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain includes all multicellular living organisms?

    <p>Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest unit of life?

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi body in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Packaging and secretion of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

    <p>Synthesizes proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>To maintain membrane fluidity and flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?

    <p>To aid in cell adhesion and recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the fluid mosaic model, which statement about the cell membrane is correct?

    <p>The cell membrane is fluid and flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is regulated by the cell membrane to maintain homeostasis?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>To aid in cell adhesion, cell signaling, and material transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about homeostasis is true?

    <p>Homeostasis is maintained through negative feedback loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of the cell membrane?

    <p>Two layers of phospholipids arranged like an ice cream sandwich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way the cell membrane maintains homeostasis?

    <p>Regulating enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

    <p>To create a barrier for water and other polar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nucleic acids according to the text?

    <p>To store genetic information and material used for the reproduction of the living cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the backbone of a DNA molecule made up of according to the text?

    <p>Phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine in a DNA molecule according to the text?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the creation of organic molecules from non-life according to the text?

    <p>Abiotic synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main types of nucleic acids according to the text?

    <p>DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of a DNA molecule described as in the text?

    <p>A double-stranded helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nucleotide composed of according to the text?

    <p>A base, a sugar, and a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA is a pyrimidine according to the text?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds are formed between guanine and cytosine in a DNA molecule according to the text?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of the cell membrane according to the text?

    <p>A double layer of phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

    <p>To create a barrier that prevents the passage of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

    <p>The membrane is fluid and flexible, with proteins and other molecules embedded within it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?

    <p>To aid in cell adhesion and recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way the cell membrane maintains homeostasis?

    <p>Facilitating the transport of materials across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>To keep the membrane fluid and flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of the cell membrane, in addition to phospholipids?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydrophilic heads of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

    <p>To facilitate the movement of water across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>To facilitate the movement of materials into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

    <p>The membrane is fluid and flexible, with proteins and other molecules embedded within it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To separate the cell from its environment and regulate exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of multicellular organisms?

    <p>Composed of a single cell that performs all life processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>To synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the early Earth's atmosphere is consistent with the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis?

    <p>It contained ammonia and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>To control the cell's activities and house the genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>To break down food and release energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue found in humans and animals?

    <p>Vascular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi body in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>To package and secrete proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?

    <p>Ability to generate energy through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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