Nucleic Acids Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes the components of a nucleotide?

  • It includes a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate. (correct)
  • It consists of a nitrogenous base, a hexose sugar, and a phosphate group.
  • It is made of a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a carboxyl group.
  • It contains a simple sugar, a double ring base, and a sulfate.

    • What distinguishes DNA from RNA?

  • The sugar in DNA is ribose, while RNA contains deoxyribose.
  • DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.
  • DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine.
  • DNA uses thymine as a base, while RNA uses uracil. (correct)

    • What structural feature of DNA relates to its antiparallel nature?

  • The two strands run in opposite directions, 5' to 3' on both strands. (correct)
  • The hydrogen bonds between bases are identical in length.
  • The sugar-phosphate backbone is arranged in a parallel fashion.
  • The nitrogenous bases are arranged side by side without pairing.

    • How are the nitrogenous bases in DNA paired?

    <p>A pairs with T and G pairs with C. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?

    <p>DNA is a double helix with alternating phosphate and sugar groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nucleic Acids Study Guide

    • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information for an organism's development and function
    • DNA and RNA are nucleic acids
    • Nucleotides are the repeating monomers of DNA and RNA
    • Each nucleotide consists of a pentose sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
    • DNA nucleotides have adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) for bases
    • RNA nucleotides have adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U) for bases
    • Pyrimidines (single-ring): cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U)
    • Purines (double-ring): adenine (A) and guanine (G)
    • DNA's structure is a double helix
    • Sugars and phosphates form the backbone
    • Bases pair in the center (A with T, G with C)
    • DNA strands are antiparallel (5' to 3' and 3' to 5')
    • RNA is typically single-stranded
    • RNA uses ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose
    • Students should know the molecular structures of deoxyribose, ribose, nucleotide, DNA, and RNA

    Additional Notes

    • Compare and contrast DNA and RNA structures
    • Be prepared to draw molecular structures (no carbon labeling required)

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the key concepts of nucleic acids, including the structures and functions of DNA and RNA. It covers nucleotide composition, base pairing, and the distinct characteristics of DNA and RNA. Master these fundamentals essential for understanding molecular biology.

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