Podcast
Questions and Answers
What structural component differentiates purines from pyrimidines?
What structural component differentiates purines from pyrimidines?
- The number of rings in the base structure (correct)
- The attachment of the phosphate group
- The number of carbon atoms in the structure
- The presence of a sugar molecule
Which statement about DNA is incorrect?
Which statement about DNA is incorrect?
- DNA acts as genetic material in most organisms.
- DNA is usually structured as a single helix. (correct)
- DNA is the largest biomolecule in the body.
- DNA consists of deoxyribonucleotides.
In which form does RNA primarily function in protein synthesis?
In which form does RNA primarily function in protein synthesis?
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) (correct)
- Nuclear RNA (nRNA)
- Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Which of the following bases is not found in DNA?
Which of the following bases is not found in DNA?
What type of sugar is present in nucleotides that make up RNA?
What type of sugar is present in nucleotides that make up RNA?
Flashcards
DNA
DNA
A double-helix polymer of deoxyribonucleotides, the genetic material in most organisms.
RNA
RNA
A nucleic acid with various roles in protein synthesis, including messenger, adapter, and catalytic functions.
Nucleotide components
Nucleotide components
Nucleotides are comprised of a pentose sugar, nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine), and a phosphate group.
Purine bases
Purine bases
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Pyrimidine bases
Pyrimidine bases
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Study Notes
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids are biological polymers
- They store & transmit genetic info
- Two main types: DNA & RNA
- DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
- RNA: ribonucleic acid
DNA Structure
- DNA is a polymer of Deoxyribonucleotides
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine)
- Double helix structure
- Bases pair: A-T, G-C
RNA Structure
- RNA is a polymer of Ribonucleotides
- Ribose sugar
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil)
- Single-stranded
- Types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Differences Between DNA and RNA
- DNA: double-stranded, deoxyribose sugar, thymine
- RNA: single-stranded, ribose sugar, uracil
Genetic Material
- DNA is genetic material in most organisms
- Some viruses have RNA as genetic material (e.g., HIV)
- Amount of genetic material varies depending on the species, some viruses have circular DNA others linear
Nucleotide
- A nucleotide is the monomer of nucleic acids
- It's composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
- The phosphate group is an acidic part, thus DNA & RNA are acidic in nature
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