Nucleic Acids Finals Review for BS Medical Lab
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Questions and Answers

What role do base-stacking interactions play in the structure of DNA?

  • They enable the repair of genetic mutations in nucleic acids.
  • They stabilize the DNA double helix by aligning bases parallel to each other. (correct)
  • They facilitate the binding of RNA during transcription.
  • They cause the DNA strands to unwind during replication.

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

  • RNA polymerase
  • DNA helicase (correct)
  • DNA polymerase
  • Ligase

What happens to the bases of DNA strands during the unwinding process?

  • They are exchanged with RNA bases.
  • They are no longer connected by hydrogen bonds and can pair with free nucleotides. (correct)
  • They form new hydrogen bonds with ribosomes.
  • They become hydrophilic and dissolve in the nucleus.

What is the function of hydrophobic interactions among purine and pyrimidine bases in DNA?

<p>They assist in maintaining the stability of the DNA double helix. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The replication fork refers to which part of the DNA replication process?

<p>The area at which the DNA double helix is actively unwinding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure is present in the DNA model described?

<p>Double helix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the directionality of a DNA single strand?

<p>5’ to 3’ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine in DNA?

<p>2 H bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following base pairs has the strongest hydrogen bonding interaction?

<p>G–C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the strands of DNA during replication?

<p>They separate to serve as templates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about complementary bases in DNA is accurate?

<p>They can form hydrogen bonds with each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the stability of the DNA double helix structure?

<p>Hydrogen bonding between complementary bases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of reversing the order of bases in a 3’ to 5’ sequence?

<p>It converts to a 5’ to 3’ base sequence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

<p>Storage and transfer of genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen-containing bases are found in DNA?

<p>Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component distinguishes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from ribonucleic acid (RNA)?

<p>Presence of deoxyribose sugar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes does NOT involve nucleic acids?

<p>Cellular respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cell division, what happens to the genetic information stored in DNA?

<p>It is passed from existing cells to new cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation results in a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence?

<p>Point mutation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nucleotides is a pyrimidine base found in nucleic acids?

<p>Cytosine (B), Thymine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does uracil play in nucleic acids?

<p>It serves as a nitrogen-containing base in RNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Base Stacking Interactions

Interactions within a DNA double helix where the base planes are parallel, like a stack of coins.

DNA Double Helix Stabilization

Base stacking and other interactions help hold the DNA double helix together.

Replication Fork

The point where the DNA unwinds during replication. It's constantly shifting.

DNA Helicase

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication by breaking hydrogen bonds

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Hydrogen Bonds

The bonds that hold complementary bases (A to T, G to C) together in DNA.

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Nucleic Acid

An unbranched polymer formed by nucleotide monomers.

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Friedrich Miescher

Discovered nucleic acids in 1869.

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Nitrogen-Containing Bases

Heterocyclic compounds (purine & pyrimidine) in DNA/RNA.

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

A nucleic acid polymer made of deoxyribose, phosphate, and bases (A, C, G, T).

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DNA Function

Stores and transfers genetic information controlling cellular functions.

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Purine Bases

Double ring structure (Adenine & Guanine).

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Pyrimidine Bases

Single ring structure (Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil).

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Thymine

A specific pyrimidine base found in DNA.

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DNA Base Pairing

The specific way DNA bases (A, T, G, C) connect to form a double helix. A pairs with T, and G pairs with C.

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Complementary Bases

Base pairs in a nucleic acid that can hydrogen bond to each other, like A with T and G with C.

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Hydrogen Bonds in DNA

Weak bonds that hold the specific DNA base pairs together, although weak individually, greatly contribute to DNA stability.

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DNA Structure

Two strands of DNA, running in opposite directions (antiparallel), forming a double helix.

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Antiparallel Strands

DNA strands in a double helix, oriented in opposite directions (5' to 3' and 3' to 5'). Remember the 5' and 3' ends are important.

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Base Pairing Rules

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T); Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

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Base order and direction

DNA sequences always read 5' to 3', so one strand reads from beginning to end, and the other reads in reverse.

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DNA Stability

The double helix structure of DNA, with its hydrogen bonds maintaining the structure despite hydrogen bonds being individually weak.

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Study Notes

Nucleic Acids Reviewer Finals

  • This document is a study guide for a final exam on nucleic acids, specifically for BS Medical Laboratory Science students at Holy Angel University.
  • The document provides a detailed overview of nucleic acids, including their structure, function, and types.

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Stoker Nucleic Acids Reviewer Finals PDF

Description

This study guide is designed for BS Medical Laboratory Science students preparing for their final exam on nucleic acids. It covers essential topics such as the structure, function, and types of nucleic acids, offering a comprehensive overview to aid in exam preparation.

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