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Questions and Answers
If a cell's ability to produce proteins is compromised, which of the following nucleic acid functions would be most directly affected?
If a cell's ability to produce proteins is compromised, which of the following nucleic acid functions would be most directly affected?
- Assembly of amino acids into proteins. (correct)
- Ensuring inheritance of traits from parents.
- Storage of genetic information.
- Transfer of information from DNA to ribosomes.
A scientist is studying a new virus and discovers that it uses RNA to store its genetic information. Which of the following functions of nucleic acids is the virus utilizing?
A scientist is studying a new virus and discovers that it uses RNA to store its genetic information. Which of the following functions of nucleic acids is the virus utilizing?
- Inheritance of traits from the parent virus to the offspring viruses.
- Transfer of information from the viral RNA to the host cell's DNA.
- Protein synthesis, using the host cell's ribosomes.
- Storage of genetic information, similar to DNA in eukaryotic cells. (correct)
A mutation in a gene disrupts the ability of RNA to effectively carry information from the nucleus to the ribosomes. Which cellular process will be most directly affected by this mutation?
A mutation in a gene disrupts the ability of RNA to effectively carry information from the nucleus to the ribosomes. Which cellular process will be most directly affected by this mutation?
- Replication of DNA.
- Transcription of DNA into RNA.
- Translation of RNA into proteins. (correct)
- Inheritance of genetic traits.
If a person inherits a genetic trait, such as eye color, from their parents, which of the following functions of nucleic acids is primarily responsible for this phenomenon?
If a person inherits a genetic trait, such as eye color, from their parents, which of the following functions of nucleic acids is primarily responsible for this phenomenon?
A researcher is investigating a cellular process where RNA molecules guide the assembly of specific proteins. Which specific function of nucleic acids is the researcher studying?
A researcher is investigating a cellular process where RNA molecules guide the assembly of specific proteins. Which specific function of nucleic acids is the researcher studying?
What is the primary structural difference between deoxyribose and ribose?
What is the primary structural difference between deoxyribose and ribose?
In RNA, which nitrogenous base replaces thymine?
In RNA, which nitrogenous base replaces thymine?
Which of the following best describes the function of DNA?
Which of the following best describes the function of DNA?
Where is DNA primarily located within a eukaryotic cell?
Where is DNA primarily located within a eukaryotic cell?
Which of the following is a key difference in the structure of DNA and RNA?
Which of the following is a key difference in the structure of DNA and RNA?
Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in RNA?
Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in RNA?
What is the function of RNA besides helping make proteins?
What is the function of RNA besides helping make proteins?
Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?
Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?
Which of the following molecules contains the nitrogenous base Uracil?
Which of the following molecules contains the nitrogenous base Uracil?
If a strand of DNA has the sequence 5'-GATTACA-3', what would be the corresponding sequence on an RNA strand transcribed from it?
If a strand of DNA has the sequence 5'-GATTACA-3', what would be the corresponding sequence on an RNA strand transcribed from it?
If a newly discovered organism's genetic material is found to contain uracil instead of thymine, and exists as a single strand, which type of nucleic acid would most likely be present?
If a newly discovered organism's genetic material is found to contain uracil instead of thymine, and exists as a single strand, which type of nucleic acid would most likely be present?
During intense exercise, muscle cells require a rapid supply of specific protein. Which nucleic acid is crucial for transporting the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to facilitate this protein synthesis?
During intense exercise, muscle cells require a rapid supply of specific protein. Which nucleic acid is crucial for transporting the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to facilitate this protein synthesis?
Imagine a mutation occurs where the phosphate group is unable to properly link nucleotides together. What is the most direct consequence of this mutation?
Imagine a mutation occurs where the phosphate group is unable to properly link nucleotides together. What is the most direct consequence of this mutation?
What combination of elements are present in BOTH nucleic acids and proteins?
What combination of elements are present in BOTH nucleic acids and proteins?
Which of the following analogies best describes the functional relationship between DNA and RNA in a cell?
Which of the following analogies best describes the functional relationship between DNA and RNA in a cell?
A researcher is studying a new virus and finds that its genetic material is composed of a single strand containing CHONP. What can they conclude?
A researcher is studying a new virus and finds that its genetic material is composed of a single strand containing CHONP. What can they conclude?
A scientist isolates a molecule that is composed of a long chain of nucleotides. Further analysis reveals that the molecule contains the nitrogenous base adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. Which of the following is the most likely identity of this large molecule?
A scientist isolates a molecule that is composed of a long chain of nucleotides. Further analysis reveals that the molecule contains the nitrogenous base adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. Which of the following is the most likely identity of this large molecule?
Consider a cell where the production of RNA polymerase is inhibited. What immediate impact would this have on the central dogma of molecular biology?
Consider a cell where the production of RNA polymerase is inhibited. What immediate impact would this have on the central dogma of molecular biology?
Flashcards
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Biological blueprints that carry the instructions for life, enabling growth, repair, and function.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
A type of nucleic acid that serves as the permanent instruction manual.
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
A type of nucleic acid that carries instructions around as a copy.
Elements in Nucleic Acids
Elements in Nucleic Acids
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Nucleotides
Nucleotides
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DNA Structure
DNA Structure
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RNA Structure
RNA Structure
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Phosphate Group
Phosphate Group
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DNA's Primary Role
DNA's Primary Role
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RNA's Function
RNA's Function
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Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
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Inheritance
Inheritance
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RNA's role in protein synthesis
RNA's role in protein synthesis
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Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose
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Ribose
Ribose
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Adenine (A)
Adenine (A)
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Thymine (T)
Thymine (T)
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Cytosine (C)
Cytosine (C)
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Guanine (G)
Guanine (G)
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Uracil (U)
Uracil (U)
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DNA
DNA
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RNA
RNA
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Study Notes
- Nucleic acids are biological blueprints with instructions for life
- They help bodies grow, repair, and function
What Are Nucleic Acids?
- Nucleic acids are large molecules that store and transmit genetic information
- They are the body's instruction manuals that are needed to build cells and proteins
- The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the permanent instruction manual
- RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a photocopy used to carry specific instructions
General Properties of Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHONP)
- They are built from monomers called nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA
- DNA functions as a giant library of books (genes)
- RNA functions as an efficient courier service for specific instructions
- DNA is a double helix, resembling a twisted ladder
- RNA is single-stranded
Structure of a Nucleotide
- Every nucleotide has three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base
- The phosphate group links nucleotides together
- In DNA, the sugar molecule is deoxyribose and in RNA it's ribose
- The sugar molecule is like the bread holding everything together
- Nitrogenous bases are like the protein or veggie filling
- There are four nitrogenous base options in DNA: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G)
- RNA swaps Thymine for Uracil (U)
DNA vs RNA
- DNA's sugar is deoxyribose, and RNA's sugar is ribose
- DNA is double-stranded (double helix), and RNA is single-stranded
- DNA uses the bases A, T, C, and G, while RNA uses A, U, C, and G
- DNA stores genetic information long-term, while RNA creates a temporary copy to make proteins
- DNA stays in the nucleus, while RNA moves between the nucleus and cytoplasm
Functions of Nucleic Acids
- DNA is the cell's master database with instructions for building and maintaining the cell
- RNA is a messenger that carries DNA's instructions to the parts of the cell that make proteins
- RNA helps assemble amino acids into proteins
- DNA ensures traits are inherited
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Description
Explore the structure and function of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information. Learn about nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and their roles in cells and protein synthesis.
