Nucleic Acids Chapter 1 Quiz

Nucleic acids are intracellular components that are required for the storage and expression of genetic information.

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. They are also known as the subunits of DNA and RNA.

<p>Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar, while a nucleotide includes a phosphate group in addition to the nitrogenous base and pentose sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of chemical compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP acts as the primary energy currency in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second messengers are molecules that relay signals from the cell surface to intracellular targets, amplifying the signal and initiating specific cellular responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Co-enzymes are non-protein organic molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions. Examples include NAD, FAD, and coenzyme A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UDP-glucose is involved in the synthesis of glycogen, a storage form of glucose, by acting as a carrier of glucose molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine are involved in the synthesis of phospholipids, key components of cell membranes, by carrying the choline and ethanolamine head groups, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfate donor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthetic analogues of nucleotides are modified versions of natural nucleotides, created by altering the base ring or sugar part. These analogues are used for therapeutic purposes, such as cancer treatment and gout management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-fluorouracil is a pyrimidine analogue that inhibits thymine synthesis, leading to a reduction in DNA synthesis and ultimately the growth of cancer cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allopurinol, a hypoxanthine analogue, is used to treat gout by inhibiting the production of uric acid, which accumulates in joints and causes inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, is a very large molecule composed of a long chain of nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA has a double helix structure, resembling a twisted ladder. Its two strands are composed of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone. The nitrogenous bases, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, project inward and pair with their complementary bases on the opposing strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions: one strand runs from 5' to 3', while the other strand runs from 3' to 5', with the phosphates at the 5' end and the hydroxyl groups at the 3' end of each strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The base pairing rule, also known as Chargaff's rule, states that adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C) in DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific sequence of bases in DNA is crucial for determining the genetic information that is encoded and passed on to future generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA replication involves the separation of the double helix into two separate strands, followed by the synthesis of two new complementary strands using each original strand as a template.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA has two main functions: it serves as a carrier of genetic information, directing the synthesis of proteins and other essential molecules, and it directs its own replication during cell division, ensuring the accurate transmission of genetic information to daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA, ribonucleic acid, is a single-stranded nucleic acid that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. It is similar to DNA but contains a different sugar (ribose) and the base uracil instead of thymine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotides in RNA are linked together by 3',5' phosphodiester bonds, similar to the linkage in DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA is formed in the nucleus of a cell through a process called transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where it directs the synthesis of specific proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms the structural and functional core of ribosomes, the protein synthesis machinery in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfer RNA (tRNA) acts as a molecular adapter, carrying amino acids to ribosomes and matching them to the codons on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid sequence in the protein being assembled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) participates in various nuclear processes, including the splicing of pre-mRNA and the assembly of ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mRNA = Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, directing protein synthesis tRNA = Acts as a molecular adapter, bringing amino acids to ribosomes for protein assembly rRNA = Forms the structural and functional core of ribosomes, the protein synthesis machinery snRNA = Involved in nuclear processes like pre-mRNA splicing and ribosome assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers