29 Questions
Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein
What is the function of histones in the packing of DNA?
To stabilize the DNA structure
Which of the following is a characteristic of euchromatin?
It is involved in active transcription
What term is used to describe an alternative version of a gene that can produce distinguishable phenotypic effects?
Allele
Which of the following represents a type of RNA involved in bringing amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis?
tRNA
What type of chromosomal abnormality results from a change in the overall number of chromosomes, such as trisomy and monosomy?
Aneuploidy
Which of the following best describes the composition of somatic cells?
22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and two sex chromosomes
In a human haploid genome, approximately how many nucleotides are present?
3,000,000,000
What is the function of colchicine in karyotyping?
It binds to tubulin and inhibits mitosis
What is the main function of mRNA in the cell?
Carrying genetic information from nucleus to the site of protein synthesis
What is the approximate percentage of ribosomal RNAs in the total RNA of a cell?
~70%
What is a characteristic feature of tRNA?
It is single-stranded
What is the function of microRNA (miRNA) in the cell?
Repressing protein biosynthesis by preventing ribosome binding to mRNA
Which scientist first isolated DNA from pus on surgical bandages in 1869 and termed it 'nuclein'?
Freidrich Meischner
Which of the following statements about long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) is true?
>200 bp long
What is the role of small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) in the cell?
Maturation of RNA precursors and splicing
What is the process of copying and transferring genetic information to daughter cells called?
Replication
Which of the following statements is true about nucleic acids?
They are composed of repeating units called nucleotides.
What do eukaryotic mRNAs consist of?
Cap on the 5’-end, coding region, and poly-A tail on the 3’-end
What is the main function of primers in DNA replication?
Provides a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesizing a new DNA strand
What do nucleotides consist of?
The base, sugar, and phosphate
What is the function of ribosomes in the cell?
Carries amino acids to ribosomes during translation
In DNA, which of the following nucleotide base pairs with thymine?
Adenine
What is the most common form of DNA?
B form
What process converts double-stranded DNA to single-stranded DNA?
Denaturation
What does Tm refer to in the context of DNA?
'Melting temperature'
'Euchromatin' in eukaryotes is characterized as:
'Transcriptionally active'
'Heterochromatin' in eukaryotes is characterized as:
'Transcriptionally silent'
What is mitochondrial DNA?
A double-stranded circular molecule with 16,569bp that is inherited mainly maternally.
Test your understanding of the structure and properties of nucleic acids and genome organization. This quiz covers topics such as the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA structure and properties, base pairing, complementarity, and directionality for DNA replication and transcription.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
