Nuclear Chemistry

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What is the minimum requirement for a fissile material to undergo nuclear fission?

The material should be in a liquid state

The material should be in a gaseous state

The size of the material should not be less than a critical size (correct)

The material should be in a solid state

Which of the following transmutation reactions involves the absorption of a proton by a nucleus?

n, γ type

γ, n type

n, α type

d, p type (correct)

What is the primary difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?

The temperature required for the reaction

The energy released during the reaction

The type of nuclei involved in the reaction (correct)

The percentage efficiency of the energy conversion

Which of the following synthetic elements can be produced through transmutation by neutrons?

Np-239 Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy released during nuclear fusion, in comparison to nuclear fission?

Lower, ranging from 3 to 24 MeV per fusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term given to the process of transforming one element into another?

Alchemy Signup and view all the answers

What type of particles are more effective in producing nuclear reactions?

Slow neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of transmutation by alpha particles?

N 14 (α, p) O 17 Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of creating new, radioactive elements not found naturally?

Synthetic Elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for a neutron?

0 n 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a heavier atom splits into smaller fragments, releasing a large amount of energy?

Nuclear fission Signup and view all the answers

What type of transmutation involves bombarding an atom with protons to produce a new element?

Transmutation by protons Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe elements with atomic numbers greater than 92, which are not found naturally and are produced artificially?

Synthetic elements Signup and view all the answers

What type of transmutation involves bombarding an atom with neutrons to produce a new element?

Transmutation by neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a single, heavier nucleus, releasing energy in the process?

Nuclear fusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the total time of a radioactive substance?

T = n × t1 / 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for radioactive equilibrium?

The rate of formation of B is equal to the rate of decay of B Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of radioactivity in the SI system?

Becquerel Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the decay constant and the range of the α-particle emitted?

logλ = A + B log R Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion of one element into another by artificial means known as?

Artificial transmutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the time required by a given amount of a radioelement to decay to one-half of its initial value?

Half-life period Signup and view all the answers

At a steady state, what is the relationship between the amounts of different radioelements present in a reaction series and their radioactive constants?

Inversely proportional Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of radioactivity defined as the amount of any radioactive material that gives 3.7 × 10^10 disintegrations per second?

Curie Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the half-life period being independent of the amount of the radioelement?

The half-life period is constant for a given radioelement Signup and view all the answers

Why is it preferred to say that a radioelement is in a steady state rather than in equilibrium state?

Because the reaction is irreversible Signup and view all the answers

What is the average life period of a radioisotope approximately equal to?

Under-root two times of its half-life period Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of radioactivity that is defined as the amount of a radioactive substance which undergoes?

The sum of lives of the nuclei Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the decay constant and the average life period of an element?

The decay constant is the inverse of the average life period Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific activity of a radioactive isotope?

The number of disintegrations per second per gram of the isotope Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the curie and the rutherford units of radioactivity?

1 curie is equal to 3.7 x 10^10 disintegrations per second Signup and view all the answers