Nuclear Power Plant Types
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Questions and Answers

Which type of reactor uses light water as a coolant?

  • Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) (correct)
  • Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) (correct)
  • Heavy Water Reactor
  • Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR)

    • What percentage of nuclear power plants worldwide are Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) based on their number?

  • 14%
  • 63% (correct)
  • 20%
  • 70%

    • Which reactor type uses heavy water as both a coolant and moderator?

  • High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR)
  • Sodium Fast Breeder Reactor
  • Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GCFR)
  • CANDU Reactor (correct)

    • Which of the following reactors is classified as a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)?

    <p>Boiling Water Reactor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature that differentiates Gas-Cooled Reactors from Light Water Reactors?

    <p>Coolant medium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactor has the highest number of installations worldwide?

    <p>Pressurized water reactor (PWR) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What coolant is used in pressurized water reactors?

    <p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reactor type utilizes natural uranium as fuel?

    <p>Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the operating pressure of the primary circuit in a pressurized water reactor?

    <p>15.5 MPa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the moderator in a nuclear reactor?

    <p>To slow down neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is used as a coolant in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR)?

    <p>Helium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactors is primarily used in Canada and India?

    <p>Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fuel is used in boiling water reactors (BWR)?

    <p>Enriched uranium dioxide (UO2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of the Boiling Water Reactor compared to other types?

    <p>Requires less pumping power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum operating pressure of the Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor?

    <p>10 MPa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the RBMK reactor is incorrect?

    <p>It requires high enrichment fuel. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the fuel channel design in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors?

    <p>It allows for on-line refueling. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is saturated steam in the Boiling Water Reactor considered effective for heat removal?

    <p>It can carry more thermal energy at lower pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using the Boiling Water Reactor?

    <p>Components need to be shielded from radiation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic features the reactor design used in RBMK reactors?

    <p>Channelized large power reactor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fuels is primarily used in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors?

    <p>Natural uranium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Light Water Reactor (LWR)

    A type of nuclear reactor that uses light water (H2O) as both the coolant and moderator.

    Heavy Water Reactor (HWR)

    A nuclear reactor that uses heavy water (D2O) as the moderator, while the coolant can vary depending on the specific design.

    Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)

    A specific type of LWR that maintains water under high pressure to prevent it from boiling.

    Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)

    A type of LWR where the water is allowed to boil, producing steam to drive turbines and generate electricity.

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    Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR)

    The most common reactor type in the world, accounting for a large percentage of the global nuclear power capacity.

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    Gas-cooled Reactor (GCR)

    A type of reactor that uses a gas, usually carbon dioxide, as the coolant. The gas is heated in the reactor and then used to generate steam.

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    Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR)

    A specific type of GCR that uses a graphite moderator. Graphite is a good moderator because it doesn't absorb many neutrons.

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    Fast Neutron Reactor (FBR)

    A reactor type that uses liquid sodium as the coolant. Liquid sodium is very effective at transferring heat.

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    High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR)

    A type of reactor that uses a high-temperature gas, usually helium, as the coolant. These reactors can be used for both electricity generation and process heat applications.

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    Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)

    A type of nuclear reactor that uses heavy water (D2O) as the moderator. It typically uses natural uranium fuel, eliminating the need for enrichment.

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    CANDU (CANadian Deuterium Uranium)

    A specific type of PHWR, designed and developed in Canada. It uses natural uranium fuel, heavy water moderator & coolant, and has a unique on-line refueling feature.

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    RBMK (Channelized Large Power Reactor)

    A type of reactor designed in Russia, utilizing graphite as a moderator and light water as coolant. It's notable for its large size, boiling water design, and online refueling.

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    Fuel Channel (Calandria)

    The central component of a PHWR, containing the fuel channels and facilitating on-line refueling.

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    Jet Pump (BWR)

    A device used in BWRs to circulate water and generate a flow of steam. It uses jet propulsion to move water in a loop.

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    Study Notes

    Nuclear Power Plant Types

    • Primarily, pressurized water reactors (PWR) dominate nuclear power plants worldwide, accounting for ~70% by number and ~74% by output. Boiling water reactors (BWR) follow, constituting ~14% by number and ~16% by output (data from 2015).

    Reactor Types and Characteristics

    • Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR):
      • Coolant: Water (H₂O)
      • Fuel: Enriched Uranium Oxide (UO₂)
      • Operating Conditions: Primary pressure 15.5 MPa (~320°C), Secondary pressure 7.4 MPa (~290°C), Efficiency ~33%.
      • Components: Reactor vessel, steam generator, coolant pump, pressurizer.
    • Boiling Water Reactor (BWR):
      • Coolant: Water (H₂O)
      • Fuel: Enriched Uranium Oxide (UO₂)
      • Direct cycle, requiring less pressure and thickness in the reactor vessel compared to PWRs.
      • Operating conditions: Operating pressure ~7.2 MPa or 900 psi, Tout = 290°C , cf) PWR 15 Mpa.
      • Components: Reactor vessel, steam generator, coolant pump, jet pump.
    • Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR):
      • Moderator: Heavy Water (D₂O)
      • Fuel: Natural Uranium (no enrichment needed)
      • Designed for Canada.
      • Features: Larger core, separate moderator and coolant, higher pressure tubes at 10 MPa, 310 °C max.
    • CANDU: A type of PHWR, known for its on-line refueling capability.
    • Gas-Cooled Reactor (GCR):
      • Coolant: Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
      • Fuel: Natural Uranium
      • Graphite moderator
      • Features: Chemically stable at temperatures below 540°C.
      • Notable Type: AGR (Advanced gas-cooled reactor).
    • Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor (AGR):
      • Type of Gas-Cooled reactor.
    • Fast Neutron Reactor (FBR):
      • Type of breeder reactor; uses fast neutrons, breeder of fissile plutonium from fertile U isotopes
    • High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR):
      • Features: very high operating temperatures, use helium gas as coolant, graphite moderator
    • Russian Reactor Designs:
      • RBMK: Channeled, graphite-moderated, boiling water reactor, two-loop coolant system, online refueling. Low enrichment requirements (~2% enriched U).
      • VVER: A Russian designed pressurized water reactor, with and without containment. VVER 440 (no containment), VVER 1000 (with containment).

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    Lecture 2: Nuclear Power Plants PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the different types of nuclear power plants, focusing on Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWR). Learn about their characteristics, components, and operational parameters. Test your knowledge on the global distribution and significance of these reactors.

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