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What is the primary role of nuclear medicine in managing malignant tumors?

To provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer

To replace traditional imaging modalities

To develop new radiopharmaceuticals for cancer treatment

To detect, stage, and restage the disease, as well as evaluate response to therapy (correct)

What is the purpose of sentinel node identification and localization in nuclear medicine?

To plan the most suitable management for several tumors (correct)

To determine the prognosis of cancer

To monitor the effectiveness of radiation therapy

To detect residual or recurrent disease

What is the main category of radiopharmaceuticals used for tumor imaging?

Radiation therapy agents and chemotherapy agents

Nonspecific agents and monoclonal antibodies

Nonspecific agents and specific agents (correct)

Specific agents and 18F MIBG

What is an example of a tumor that can be evaluated using nuclear medicine?

Nodular thyroid disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nuclear medicine in cancer treatment?

To improve patient outcomes through accurate diagnosis and staging Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nuclear medicine in evaluating response to therapy?

To evaluate the response to therapy and predict the prognosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of combining nuclear medicine instruments with morphologic modalities?

To make nuclear medicine a more integral part of management protocols Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nuclear medicine in planning radiotherapy?

To provide accurate information for radiotherapy planning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of individualizing therapy?

Rapid assessment of treatment strategy effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

Why is tumor volume change evaluation limited?

It occurs too late to prevent significant toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which radiopharmaceutical agent is used in lymphoma?

Gallium Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using radiopharmaceutical agents in therapy?

They can predict treatment response after 1-3 cycles of chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of CT in radiotherapy planning?

It lacks functional status information Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Ga-67 study in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

To predict response to chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

How many cycles of chemotherapy are required before response can be predicted using radiopharmaceutical agents?

1-3 cycles Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the follow-up study in evaluating response to therapy?

It demonstrates an excellent response to chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What can be the consequence of understaging a patient?

Undergoing futile but drastic treatments that increase morbidity and mortality without a chance of cure Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bone imaging using 99mTc MDP and 18F?

Detecting metastatic bone disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of 18F FDG-PET over CT or MRI alone in staging tumors?

It has a higher degree of accuracy, particularly in detecting lymph node involvement Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate accuracy of CT in staging mediastinal disease in lung cancer?

70% Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge faced by MRI and CT after surgical, radiation, or chemotherapy treatment?

Differentiating post-therapy changes from residual viable tumor tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of radiopharmaceuticals in detecting recurrence?

In detecting residual or recurrent disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal staging process?

Microscopic process Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of nuclear medicine procedures in staging tumors?

They have a higher degree of accuracy compared to CT or MRI alone Signup and view all the answers

What does PET with 18F-FDG provide information about?

Metabolism and viability of the lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of fused images from FDG-PET and CT?

More accurate delineation of normal tissues from tumor-bearing areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of image fusion on radiation oncologists?

Reduces interobserver variation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of injecting 99mTc radiolabeled particles?

To identify sentinel lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

In which types of cancer is sentinel lymph node localization commonly used?

Breast Cancer, Cutaneous Melanoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, and colorectal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using PET/CT in radiation therapy?

Improve therapeutic window Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of PET with 18F-FDG?

Fails to provide precise topographic localization Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tracer in sentinel lymph node localization?

To identify the sentinel node Signup and view all the answers

In sentinel lymph node localization, what is the role of a gamma camera?

To detect radioactive sentinel nodes using imaging Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sentinel node imaging?

To identify the lymph node where the primary tumor drains Signup and view all the answers

What can be identified using immunohistological staining of the sentinel node?

Micrometastases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a gamma probe in sentinel lymph node localization?

To localize the sentinel node during surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using F-18 FDG in sentinel lymph node localization?

It can evaluate the response to therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of decreasing uptake in the follow-up study after chemotherapy?

The patient has responded favorably to therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using sentinel lymph node localization in breast cancer?

It can identify the lymph node where the primary tumor drains Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of sentinel node imaging in osteogenic sarcoma?