Nuclear Fission and Reactors

To slow down the neutrons so they travel slow enough to be absorbed by the uranium.

They absorb neutrons to prevent the chain reaction from being out of control.

It releases 2 or 3 more neutrons, which can then go on to be reabsorbed by another uranium-235.

<p>Water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of reactions where one reaction triggers a series of subsequent reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E = mc2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annihilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pair production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it will annihilate with matter almost immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong nuclear, Weak nuclear, Electrostatic, and Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All four fundamental forces (strong nuclear, weak nuclear, electrostatic, and gravity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fundamental particles that do not interact with the strong nuclear force, but do interact with the weak nuclear force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not specified in the provided text, but in general, the three types of quarks are up, down, and strange quarks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hadrons interact with all four fundamental forces, while leptons do not interact with the strong nuclear force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positron, opposite charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hadrons, quarks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baryons (three quarks), Mesons (two quarks)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protons and neutrons, both are composed of three quarks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>uud</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-⅓e</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neutron turns into a proton, releasing an electron and an anti-electron neutrino.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>udd</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A = activity, λ = decay constant, N = number of radioactive nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average time taken for the activity of a sample (or the number of radioactive nuclei) to halve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not provided in the given text, but it's A = A0 * e^(-λt)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not provided in the given text, but it's E = mc^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a chain reaction, exactly one neutron from each decay causes another decay, resulting in a constant amount of energy released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow the waste to cool down</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not release greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming, and does not use fossil fuels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A leak or escape of radioactive material can be catastrophic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sealing the waste in steel containers and potentially storing it deep underground or underwater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents an uncontrolled chain reaction and maintains a stable energy output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not burn fossil fuels to generate energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent any potential leaks or escape of radioactive material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear power does not contribute to global warming, as it does not release greenhouse gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a secure and isolated location to prevent any potential leaks or contamination of the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average time taken for the activity of a sample (or the number of radioactive nuclei) to halve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the rate at which the radioactive nuclei decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To find out the age of artefacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not provided in the text, but the correct answer is E = mc^2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A = λN, where λ is the decay constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repulsive up to 0.5 fm and attractive up to 3 fm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>r = r₀A^(1/3), where r is the radius, r₀ is a constant, and A is the nucleon number</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nucleus is much more dense than an atom because the atom includes a lot of empty space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every particle has an antiparticle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The large repulsion between positively charged nuclei requires a lot of energy to overcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rods of uranium-235 absorb neutrons, become unstable, and split into two daughter nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the age of artifacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>udd</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>+⅔e</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The neutron turns into a proton, releasing an electron and an anti-electron neutrino.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-⅓e</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The quark composition of a proton is uud, and its antiparticle has the same composition but with opposite charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A proton has a quark composition of uud, while a neutron has a quark composition of udd.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used to determine the age of artifacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annihilation, releasing energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quarks are bound together by the strong nuclear force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows scientists to determine the age of an artifact, as the half-life is a constant that can be used to calculate the time elapsed since the death of the organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decay constant is the inverse of the half-life, and it represents the rate of decay of the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle states that mass and energy are interchangeable, and it is represented by the equation E = mc^2, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stable nucleus has a stable configuration of nucleons, whereas a radioactive nucleus has an unstable configuration, leading to decay and a characteristic half-life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass-energy equivalence principle allows for the conversion of a small amount of mass into a large amount of energy, which is released in nuclear reactions, such as those that occur in the sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difference is called the mass defect, and it occurs because energy is released as the nucleons bind together into a nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A low binding energy per nucleon means that an element is less stable, as it requires less energy to separate the nucleus into its constituent parts, making it more likely to decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear fission is the process where an unstable nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei, resulting in an increase in the binding energy per nucleon, releasing energy in the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiocarbon dating is a method used to determine the age of an artifact, and it is based on the concept of half-life, which is the time it takes for half of the radioactive carbon-14 to decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The equation is E = mc^2, which shows that mass (m) is equivalent to energy (E), with the speed of light (c) being the conversion factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The half-life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive nuclei to decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decay constant (λ) represents the rate at which the radioactive nuclei decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiocarbon dating is based on the assumption that the amount of radioactive carbon-14 in a sample is proportional to the age of the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E = mc^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass of a nucleus is less than the total mass of its constituent nucleons due to the binding energy that holds the nucleus together.</p> Signup and view all the answers