Nuclear Fission and Fusion
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Questions and Answers

What type of pollution occurs when waste is discharged into a specific location in a receiving water body?

  • Intermittent source pollution
  • Diffuse pollution
  • Point source pollution (correct)
  • Non-point source pollution

    • What is another term for non-point sources of pollution?

  • Dispersed sources
  • Diffuse sources (correct)
  • Intermittent sources
  • Point sources

    • What type of pollution occurs when there is an overflow of a sewer system during heavy rainfall?

  • Intermittent source pollution (correct)
  • Non-point source pollution
  • Diffuse pollution
  • Point source pollution

    • Which of the following is responsible for implementing water pollution control regulations?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of water supply is suitable for human consumption with conventional treatment?

    <p>Public water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method of solid pollution control involves breaking down organic waste?

    <p>Composting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of environmental protection agencies (EPAs)?

    <p>To implement pollution control regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of water supply is suitable for industrial and commercial uses?

    <p>Industrial/commercial supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of splitting a uranium atom's nucleus into two smaller nuclei?

    <p>Nuclear fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of nuclear fusion?

    <p>The joining of nuclei to form larger atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the nation's electricity is generated by nuclear power plants?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of nuclear reactors in terms of emissions?

    <p>They emit no carbon emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nuclear reactors are operational in the nation's nuclear power plants?

    <p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of building nuclear power plants to withstand extreme weather?

    <p>To support the grid 24/7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fuel used in nuclear reactors?

    <p>Uranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nuclear reactors always well-operated?

    <p>To avoid interruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many significant chemical accidents have been reported in India over the last decade?

    <p>130</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of biological disasters?

    <p>Micro-organisms like bacteria or viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the symbol for biohazard in 1966?

    <p>Charles Baldwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification level for bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans?

    <p>BSL-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary protection measure for BSL-1 biohazards?

    <p>Facial protection and gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a BSL-3 biohazard?

    <p>MERS coronavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of autoclaves in biohazard protection?

    <p>To sterilize equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification level for potentially fatal viruses like Ebola?

    <p>BSL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of transferring waste to a treatment plant?

    <p>For material recovery through mechanical sorting and composting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of occupational health and safety authorities in industrialized countries?

    <p>Exposure to toxic chemicals and micro-organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three distinct types of operations that should be considered in waste management?

    <p>Handling and storage, collection and transportation, sorting and disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for reusing materials for the same purpose?

    <p>Reuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of road-to-road, road-to-rail, or road-to-waterway transfer stations?

    <p>To facilitate long-distance transportation of waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common hazard associated with waste handling and storage?

    <p>Improper heavy lifting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the recovery of materials or energy from waste?

    <p>Recycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of waste management?

    <p>To minimize the environmental impacts of waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of natural radiation?

    <p>Cosmic rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of radiation on the human body?

    <p>Both genetic and somatic damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the generation of radioactive waste be minimized?

    <p>By limiting the number of users of radioactive materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proper siting, disposal of waste, and maintenance in controlling radioactive pollution?

    <p>To prevent radioactive pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using short-lived radionuclides in experiments?

    <p>They reduce the activity and volumes of materials used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of radiation on the thyroid?

    <p>It causes cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to avoid mixing radioactive wastes with non-radioactive wastes?

    <p>To prevent contamination of non-radioactive materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of promoting non-radioactive tracers and methods in biomedical assays?

    <p>To minimize the generation of radioactive waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nuclear Fission and Fusion

    • Nuclear fission: a process where the nucleus of a uranium atom splits into two smaller nuclei, releasing nuclear energy
    • Nuclear fusion: the joining of nuclei of small atoms to form larger atoms, producing few dangerous wastes, but requiring very high temperatures

    Nuclear Energy

    • As of March 2018, 22 nuclear reactors are operational in 7 nuclear power plants, generating nearly 20% of the nation's electricity without carbon emissions
    • Nuclear reactors use uranium, not fossil fuels, and are designed to withstand extreme weather and provide power 24/7

    Biological Disasters

    • Biological disasters: natural or human-made scenarios involving disease, disability, or death on a large scale among humans, animals, and plants due to micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, or toxins
    • Biohazards classified into four biosafety levels (BSL) by the US Center for Disease Control:
      • BSL-1: minimal protection required, e.g., Bacillus subtilis
      • BSL-2: moderate protection required, e.g., hepatitis A, B, C
      • BSL-3: stringent safety protocols required, e.g., West Nile virus, anthrax
      • BSL-4: potentially fatal viruses, e.g., Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Lassa fever virus

    Environmental Pollution and Management - Water

    • Point sources: waste discharges into a receiving water body at a specific location
    • Non-point (dispersed) sources: pollution entering a receiving water body from dispersed sources in the watershed
    • Intermittent sources: from a point or source which discharges under certain circumstances
    • Water pollution control regulations: national and state/provincial levels, environmental protection agencies (EPAs), and Ministries of Health
    • Water supplies: public, agricultural, industrial/commercial

    Environmental Pollution and Management - Soil

    • Solid pollution control methods: landfilling, composting, and incineration

    Environmental Pollution and Management - Solid Waste

    • Solid waste management: collection, transportation, sorting, processing, and disposal
    • Impacts on human health and safety, and the environment: handling and storage, collection and transportation, sorting, processing, and disposal
    • Occupational health and safety: improper heavy lifting, excessive material handling, exposure to dust, micro-organisms, and toxic chemicals
    • Recycling and salvaging: reuse, reclamation, and recovery of materials or energy

    Environmental Pollution and Management - Radioactive

    • Sources: natural (cosmic rays) and anthropogenic (nuclear power plants, X-rays, nuclear accidents)
    • Effects: genetic damage, somatic damage (burns, miscarriages, eye cataracts, thyroid and cancer)
    • Control: proper siting, disposal of waste, and maintenance
    • Prevention of radiation: minimize waste volume and toxicity, avoid excess radioactive materials, use non-radioactive tracers, and replace hazardous chemicals

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of nuclear fission and fusion, including the processes and characteristics of each. Learn about the differences between these two types of nuclear reactions.

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