BITCHERY PART 2

Cell Cycle

• The longest part of the cell cycle is the Interphase stage.
• Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are controlled by binding to cyclin.

Mitosis

• The stage of mitotic cell divisions characterized by the alignment of chromosomes is Metaphase.
• The process of cell cleavage into two daughter cells at the end of telophase is called Cytokinesis.
• The specific function of the contractile ring of actin filaments and myosin in cell cleavage during telophase is to pinch the cell into two daughter cells.

Chromatin Structure

• Euchromatin is lightly stained and active in transcription.
• Histones play a crucial role in chromatin structure by forming the nucleosome core.
• Condensins are primarily responsible for condensing chromatin fibers during mitosis.

Nuclear Structure

• The nuclear envelope is responsible for separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
• The nucleolus is localized within the nucleus.
• Nuclear pore complexes are primarily responsible for regulating the transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Cell Division

• The separation of sister chromatids occurs during Anaphase II in meiosis.
• The term for the unique period in Prophase I during which homologous chromosomes pair and undergo genetic recombination is Synapsis.

Apoptosis

• The Bcl-2 protein family controls the release of death-promoting factors from mitochondria.
• During late stage apoptosis, nuclear and cell volumes decrease.

Cell Cycle Regulation

• Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) trigger the activities of the next phase in the cell cycle.
• The primary trigger for the activities of the next phase in the cell cycle is the activation of CDKs.

Other

• The Barr body is an inactive X chromosome in cells of female mammals.
• An active nucleolus is characterized by a dark, granular appearance when observed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM).