Nuclear Energy: Fission and Fusion

Nuclear Energy: Fission and Fusion

Nuclear Fission

• Definition: Nuclear fission is a process where an atomic nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing energy in the process.
• Principle: Fission occurs when an atomic nucleus is bombarded with neutrons, causing it to split and release more neutrons, which then go on to collide with other nuclei, creating a chain reaction.
• Energy Release: The energy released during fission is approximately 200 MeV (million electron volts) per fission event.
• Fissionable Materials: The most commonly used fissionable materials are uranium-235 (U-235) and plutonium-239 (Pu-239).
• Applications: Nuclear fission is used in nuclear power plants to generate electricity.

Nuclear Fusion

• Definition: Nuclear fusion is the process where two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a single, heavier nucleus, releasing energy in the process.
• Principle: Fusion occurs when two nuclei are heated to extremely high temperatures, causing them to overcome their mutual repulsion and merge into a single nucleus.
• Energy Release: The energy released during fusion is approximately 17 MeV (million electron volts) per fusion event.
• Fusionable Materials: The most commonly used fusionable materials are isotopes of hydrogen, such as deuterium (D) and tritium (T).
• Applications: Nuclear fusion is the process that powers the sun and other stars. Researchers are working to develop controlled fusion reactions for use in power plants.

Key Differences

• Energy Release: Fission releases more energy per reaction than fusion.
• Neutron Production: Fission produces more neutrons than fusion.
• Stability: Fission reactions are more stable and easier to control than fusion reactions.
• Radioactive Waste: Fission produces more radioactive waste than fusion.