NSTICT Theory of Motivation
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Questions and Answers

What does MacDougall suggest about instincts?

  • Instincts are solely influenced by socio-cultural factors.
  • Instincts are false impressions created by environmental factors.
  • Instincts are learned behaviors that develop over time.
  • Instincts are unlearned and have a specific purpose. (correct)

    • Which of the following traits is NOT a characteristic of instincts according to MacDougall?

  • Uniform expression
  • Variable application across individuals (correct)
  • Universality among species
  • Unlearned behavior

    • According to William James, what is a quality of instinctual behavior?

  • It is a result of conscious decision-making processes.
  • It is performed without prior exposure or knowledge. (correct)
  • It develops solely through social interactions.
  • It requires prior knowledge or experience to be executed.

    • Which example best illustrates instinctual behavior in infants?

    <p>Crying as a form of communication from birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant critique of MacDougall's list of instincts?

    <p>It lacked empirical support and was criticized for its animal-centric view.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about the nature of instincts according to MacDougall?

    <p>Instincts originate from childhood and fulfill a purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement aligns with William James's understanding of instinctual behavior?

    <p>Instinctual actions occur without prior exposure or knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criticism was made about MacDougall's list of instincts?

    <p>Half of the listed instincts were deemed applicable only to animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What example illustrates the concept of instinctual behavior as described in the content?

    <p>An inexperienced mother instinctively caring for her newborn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MacDougall mean by stating instincts have a uniform expression?

    <p>Instinctual behaviors are generally expressed in similar ways across species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    NSTICT THEORY OF MOTIVATION

    • MacDougal's Theory: Suggests instincts are present from birth and serve a purpose.
    • Example: Sucking thumb is an instinctive behavior, though interpretations vary between biopsychologists and Freudians.
    • MacDougal's List of Instincts: Criticized for focusing on animal behavior, not human.
      • Unlearned behavior
      • Uniform expression
      • Universal among species
    • William James' Theory: Instincts are actions performed without prior exposure, experience, or knowledge.
    • Example: Speaking and crying are instinctive communication methods.
    • Example: A new mother instinctively cares for her baby despite lacking experience.

    NSTICT THEORY OF MOTIVATION

    • MacDougal's theory suggests that instincts are present from birth and serve a purpose.
    • Examples of instincts include thumb sucking, which MacDougal argues is a natural behavior with a purpose.
    • Biopsychologists may attribute thumb sucking to a desire for food, while Freudians believe it is driven by pleasure.
    • MacDougal's list of instincts has been criticized for being overly applicable to animals and less so to humans.
    • MacDougal's characteristics of instincts include:
      • Unlearned behavior: Instincts are present without prior learning.
      • Uniform expression: Instincts are expressed in a consistent manner across individuals.
      • Universality: Instincts are common across species.

    WILLIAM JAMES'S THEORY OF INSTINCT

    • William James believed that instincts are actions performed without prior experience or knowledge.
    • Examples of instincts include speaking (regardless of language) and crying, which can be seen as forms of communication.
    • James highlights the instinctive actions of a new mother caring for her baby, despite lacking experience or knowledge.

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    Description

    Explore the NSTICT Theory of Motivation and its key concepts as proposed by MacDougal and William James. Understand instinctive behaviors and how they manifest in humans versus animals. Dive into the differences in interpretation among biopsychologists and Freudians.

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