40 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of the upper respiratory tract?
Facilitating gas exchange
Which of the following components is not part of the upper respiratory tract?
Trachea
What is the primary function of the upper respiratory tract in the overall respiratory system?
To warm and filter inspired air
Which of the following is not a component of the upper respiratory tract?
Bronchi
Which of the following respiratory structures is responsible for producing mucus and other respiratory secretions?
Trachea
What is the primary function of the nasal passages within the upper respiratory tract?
To warm and filter inspired air
Which of the following structures is not considered part of the upper respiratory tract?
Trachea
What is the primary role of the upper respiratory tract in the overall functioning of the respiratory system?
To warm and filter inspired air
What is the primary function of the nose?
To filter impurities and humidify and warm air
What is the role of the nasal mucosa and ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
To trap dust and microorganisms in the inhaled air
What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?
To serve as a resonating chamber in speech
What is the role of the pharynx?
To connect the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx
What is the function of the epiglottis?
To form the entrance for the larynx
What is the role of the nasal septum?
To separate the right and left nasal cavities
What is the location of the nasopharynx?
Posterior to the nose and above the soft palate
What is the location of the oropharynx?
Posterior to the oral cavity and below the soft palate
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Where does oxygen-rich air enter during inhalation?
Alveoli
What is the role of carbon dioxide in cellular metabolism?
Production of ATP
How does carbon dioxide leave the body?
Exchanged for oxygen in the alveoli and exhaled
Which substance binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells for transport to tissues?
Oxygen
Why is oxygen essential for cellular respiration?
For the breakdown of glucose and ATP production
What is the respiratory system's role in pH regulation?
Regulating the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
During which process does carbon dioxide diffuse from the bloodstream into the alveoli?
Exhalation (Expiration)
What is the primary distinguishing factor between haemoptysis and pseudohemoptysis?
The source of the blood
Which of the following conditions is NOT listed as a potential underlying cause of haemoptysis?
Asthma
What is the term used to describe vomiting of blood?
Hematemesis
Which characteristic of the expectorated material suggests a gastrointestinal source is unlikely?
Foaminess
What is the term used to describe life-threatening haemoptysis?
Massive haemoptysis
What is a common threshold used to define life-threatening haemoptysis?
Both b and c
In palliative care populations, what is a common source of haemoptysis mentioned in the text?
All of the above
What is the term used to describe coughing up blood from the respiratory tract?
Haemoptysis
What is the recommended initial dose of gabapentin for treating chronic cough?
300 mg/day
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of gabapentin?
Headache
What is the recommended initial dose of pregabalin for treating chronic cough?
75 mg/day
Which medication is specifically mentioned as having a role in treating refractory gastroesophageal reflux-induced cough?
Gabapentin
What is the recommended dose increase for patients already receiving opioids for pain to suppress cough?
25-50% dose increase
Which of the following statements about codeine is TRUE?
All of the above.
Which class of medications are gabapentin and pregabalin classified under?
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogs
What is the maximum recommended dose of gabapentin for treating chronic cough?
900 mg twice daily
This presentation on respiratory problems (dyspnea) was submitted by Group D/4 members for the NSG 528 course in February 2023. The content covers causes, signs, and symptoms of respiratory issues.
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