NREMT Practice Questions Flashcards

Questions and Answers

You arrive to find a 48 year old male complaining that his chest feels heavy. The patient is awake and talking to you. During your assessment, you note that his skin is pale, cool, and clammy. Your first step is to:

Assist the patient in taking his neighbor's nitroglycerin

Apply your AED

Administer supplemental oxygen (correct)

Obtain a past medical history

Which of the following is the correct flow of blood through the heart and lungs?

Inferior/superior vena cavae, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, aorta

Inferior/superior vena cavae, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left ventricle, aorta (correct)

Inferior/superior vena cavae, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, aorta

Inferior/superior vena cavae, lungs, aorta, left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, left ventricle

The mitral or bicuspid valve:

Prevents blood from back flowing into the right atrium

Prevents the blood from back flowing into the lungs

Prevents blood from back flowing into the left atrium (correct)

Is located between the left atrium and the right ventricle

Which of the following is NOT true of the treatment of an impaled object?

Remove to accommodate transport of the patient Signup and view all the answers

The electrical impulse generated in the right atrium is called the:

Sinoatrial node Signup and view all the answers

You are treating a patient that has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. You can lift a flap of skin on the patient's head. This type of injury would be referred to as a(n):

Avulsion Signup and view all the answers

Ligaments connect:

Bone to bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following heat emergencies is considered a true emergency?

Heat stroke Signup and view all the answers

You are treating a patient who has overdosed on a narcotic. The greatest risk for this patient is:

Respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an imminent sign that birthing is going to occur?

Contractions are 5 minutes apart Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patient characteristics does NOT represent a potential for violence?

Large, muscular individual Signup and view all the answers

There are hollow and solid organs in the abdomen. The gallbladder is considered a hollow organ. A ruptured hollow organ such as the gallbladder is most commonly associated with:

Inflammation and infection Signup and view all the answers

A 29 year old male has taken LSD. The patient appears very anxious and in a panic state. He is showing signs of paranoia. You should:

Talk the patient down by reassuring the patient Signup and view all the answers

The most serious side effect of alcohol consumption is:

Death Signup and view all the answers

You arrive on the scene of an incident where a 16 year old male fell approximately 12 feet. That would be considered:

Not a significant mechanism of injury Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a 35 year old patient complaining she is short of breath, you note that her breathing is in excess of 28 times per minute. This is considered:

Tachypnea Signup and view all the answers

You arrive on the scene of a patient who fell from a ladder. You should open the patient's airway by using:

Jaw thrust maneuver Signup and view all the answers

You arrive on the scene, finding an unconscious patient. There are no other individuals in the vicinity to give any other information or permission to treat the patient. Even though the patient cannot give you consent to treat him, you begin to do so because of:

Implied consent Signup and view all the answers

The AED is used to treat patients in:

Ventricular fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

You arrive on the scene to discover a 65-year-old female lying on the floor of her living room. Your first step in the care of this patient is to:

Assess level of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

You arrive on the scene to find an unconscious patient about 14 years of age. Where would you assess for a pulse on this patient?

Carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

The appropriate care for a patient with epistaxis is to:

Pinch the nostrils and have the patient lean forward Signup and view all the answers

During your assessment of a patient's chest you note that the left side of the chest moves opposite to the right. This is called:

Paradoxical movement Signup and view all the answers

A minute after a baby is born, the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute. You should:

Begin chest compressions Signup and view all the answers

You arrive on the scene to find an unresponsive female patient who is in her car in the garage. The car is still running and the door is closed. Looking through an outside window, your next action would be to:

Open the large garage door and any other outside openings Signup and view all the answers

When you listen to the lungs of an asthma patient you would expect to hear:

Wheezes Signup and view all the answers

Tidal volume is best defined as the:

Volume of air inhaled on a single breath Signup and view all the answers

During transport of a patient with a head injury, what assessment factor will provide you with the most information regarding the patient's condition?

Mental status Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings would be most significant during an assessment of a patient with a severe headache?

Unilateral weakness Signup and view all the answers

Seizures in children most often are the result of:

An abrupt rise in body temperature Signup and view all the answers

A 34-year-old woman, who is 36 weeks pregnant, is having a seizure. After you protect her airway and ensure adequate ventilation, you should transport her:

On her left side Signup and view all the answers

Snoring respirations are most rapidly managed by:

Correctly positioning the head Signup and view all the answers

The scene size-up includes all of the following components, except:

Applying personal protective gear Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should be carried out during the initial assessment?

Assessing the skin Signup and view all the answers

Firefighters have rescued a man from his burning house. He is conscious and in considerable respiratory distress. He has a brassy cough and singed nasal hairs. The most immediate threat to this patient's life is:

Closure of the airway Signup and view all the answers

Immediately upon delivery of a newborn's head, you should first:

Suction the mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions would most likely cause flushed skin?

Exposure to heat Signup and view all the answers

After a patient has a seizure, they will have a gradual state of awakening. This phase of a seizure is called:

The postictal phase Signup and view all the answers

The process of losing heat through direct contact is called:

Conduction Signup and view all the answers

You are called to assist a SCUBA diver who is having trouble breathing. The patient states that it started approximately 15 minutes after she surfaced. She complains of chest pain, dizziness, blurred vision, and nausea and vomiting. The patient is most likely suffering from:

An air embolism Signup and view all the answers

You are called to the home of a 20-year-old male who is depressed. The patient states he is going to kill himself. Your first step in treating this patient after the scene is safe is to:

Ask the patient how he plans to kill himself Signup and view all the answers

The patient is bleeding severely from the lower leg. You have applied direct pressure and elevated the leg. Your next step is to:

Apply pressure at the pressure point Signup and view all the answers

When treating an eye injury involving an impaled object, it is important to:

Cover both eyes and stabilize the object Signup and view all the answers

You have successfully converted your cardiac arrest patient out of v-fib with your AED. The patient has a pulse and respirations are 6 per minute. You should:

Continue to assist the patient with ventilations via a BVM and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arrhythmias should be shocked using an AED?

Ventricular tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

A soft-tissue injury that results in a flap of torn skin is referred to as:

An avulsion Signup and view all the answers

When is it most appropriate to clamp and cut the umbilical cord?

As soon as the cord stops pulsating Signup and view all the answers

You are treating a patient with a fractured femur. The most appropriate splint to use for this patient would be:

A traction splint Signup and view all the answers

Albuterol is a medication administered by:

Inhalation Signup and view all the answers

You arrive on the scene of a tanker truck carrying a hazardous material. You should position your vehicle:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

You are treating a 35 year old conscious choking victim. The patient suddenly goes unresponsive. Your next step is to:

Perform CPR Signup and view all the answers

You are the triage officer at the scene of a mass casualty incident. Which of the following patients should be treated first?

A 37-year-old female patient who is unresponsive Signup and view all the answers

When treating children, all of the following are important considerations except:

That they should be treated just like adults Signup and view all the answers

When establishing a landing zone for a medical helicopter, the minimum area secured should be:

100' x 100' Signup and view all the answers

What should the patient do immediately?

Squeeze her leg together and transport immediately. Signup and view all the answers

How do you distinguish that the patient has a pericardial tamponade?

Narrowing pulse pressure Signup and view all the answers

What should you do next for the patient with a productive cough, fever, and night sweats?

Put the HEPA mask on Signup and view all the answers

What have you committed by leaving the patient in the hospital bed without proper care?

Abandonment Signup and view all the answers

Which artery do you typically assess on an infant?

Brachial artery Signup and view all the answers

What signs and symptoms would you likely see in a patient suffering from anaphylactic shock?

Urticaria, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What should you do first if your hand is covered in blood during decontamination?

Wash your hands with soap and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of suicide?

Depression Signup and view all the answers

What is your next step when arriving at the scene of a possible drowning?

Apply cervical and spinal immobilization Signup and view all the answers

What is your first step in treating a patient bitten by fire ants?

Use her epi-injector Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be taken when treating a patient with frostbite?

Remove any jewelry from the afflicted limb Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the biggest side effects of suctioning?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of shock in the early stages?

Tachycardia, anxious, restless, skin pale, cool, clammy Signup and view all the answers

Which pressure is considered narrowed?

30 Signup and view all the answers

Which device would deliver 6 liters per minute of oxygen?

Nasal cannula Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line of defense against infectious diseases?

Hand washing Signup and view all the answers

Where does insulin production occur?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What condition might a patient with shortness of breath and frothy sputum have?

Left sided congestive heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What do you suspect in a 2-year-old with a barking cough?

Croup Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main bones of the arm?

Humerus, ulna, and radius Signup and view all the answers

Which is not considered a significant mechanism of injury for an adult?

Falls greater than 10 feet Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a dislocated shoulder patient?

Sling and swathe the injured shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What have you committed when attempting to take blood pressure from a patient that refuses to be touched?

Battery Signup and view all the answers

What do battle signs on an assessment indicate?

Basilar skull fracture Signup and view all the answers

What does a patient vomiting bright red blood likely indicate?

Esophageal varices Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the second stage of labor?

The baby is born Signup and view all the answers

What does 'kjpo' refer to?

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What does 'joj' refer to?

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Who is in charge of the overall scene during a mass casualty incident?

The incident commander Signup and view all the answers

What does a 4 in the blue portion of an NFPA diamond indicate?

Extreme health hazard Signup and view all the answers

Where did you likely intubate incorrectly if breath sounds are only heard on one side?

Intubated the right stem bronchus Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if vocal cords are difficult to visualize during intubation?

Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should not be assisted by an EMT-B?

Signup and view all the answers

What is not part of the history or secondary exam?

Form a general impression of the patient Signup and view all the answers

When is capillary refill most useful?

Patients less than six years of age Signup and view all the answers

Which mnemonic assists in assessing a patient's chest pain?

OPQRST Signup and view all the answers

What should you not do when treating frostbite?

Rub the hands Signup and view all the answers

Where are the kidneys located?

Signup and view all the answers

What is the three-flap valve on the right side of the heart called?

Signup and view all the answers

What is a late sign of shock?

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

From which direction should you never approach a helicopter?

Rear Signup and view all the answers

When should EMTs wear HEPA respirators?

TB Signup and view all the answers

What is your first action upon discovering a strong odor of natural gas at a patient's home?

Remove the patient from the house to your ambulance Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common electrical rhythm disturbance resulting in sudden cardiac arrest?

Ventricular fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest priority patient?

57 year old male with chest pain and systolic blood pressure of 80 Signup and view all the answers

Which body fluid has the most potential to transmit blood-borne diseases?

Amniotic fluid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Patient Assessment and Management

For a patient with chest pain and pale, cool, clammy skin, administer supplemental oxygen immediately.
During a cardiac assessment, blood flows through the heart as follows: inferior/superior vena cavae → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta.
The mitral (bicuspid) valve prevents backflow into the left atrium.
When dealing with an impaled object, stabilize it in place unless it's obstructing the airway.

Emergency Conditions and Responses

Common heat emergencies include heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke, the latter being life-threatening.
In narcotic overdose, the greatest risk is respiratory depression.
For epistaxis (nosebleed), have the patient pinch the nostrils and lean forward.

Trauma and Injuries

A flap of skin following an injury is considered an avulsion.
In cases of chest trauma where chest movement is paradoxical, it indicates severe injury.
Significant mechanism of injury in adults includes falls over 20 feet; for children, it is over 10 feet.

Maternal and Newborn Care

For newborns with a heart rate below 60 bpm after birth, commence chest compressions.
The umbilical cord should be clamped and cut once it stops pulsating.

Patient Conditions and Treatment Protocols

In cases of severe headache, unilateral weakness is highly significant.
Conduct a pulse check on an unconscious 14-year-old at the carotid artery.
In an emergency, implied consent allows treatment if the patient is unable to consent.

General Emergency Treatment

When a patient shows signs of anaphylactic shock, expect urticaria, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension.
For a ventricular tachycardia patient in cardiac arrest, use an AED for treatment.
Apply direct pressure and seek to control bleeding for severe injuries before considering a tourniquet.

Pediatric Considerations

Children require special considerations for airway management and thermoregulation due to smaller anatomy.
During transport, assess mental status to monitor a patient's neurological condition effectively.

Scene Safety and Preparedness

When upon arrival at hazardous material scenes, position vehicles upstream and at least 2,000 feet away.
Maintain scene safety and assess for assistance needs during initial size-up.

CPR and First Aid Protocols

During CPR on an unresponsive choking victim, prioritize performing chest compressions.
In victims of strokes, assess symptoms like facial drooping and slurred speech for timely intervention.

Environmental and Medical Risk Factors

Blood-soaked equipment necessitates immediate decontamination to prevent infection or disease transmission.
Recognize potential risks from psychological conditions, such as suicidal tendencies, requiring careful questioning to asses intent.

Conclusion

Understanding these key medical protocols and responses prepares responders to take swift, effective action in various emergency scenarios, ensuring patient safety and care quality.### Infection Control and Safety
Contacting the Infection Control Officer is crucial for ensuring proper health protocols are followed within medical environments.
Regular hand washing with soap and water is the most common and effective method to prevent the spread of infections.
Completing exposure control forms is essential for documenting and managing incidents of potential exposure to infectious agents.
In emergencies, when immediate medical attention is required, going to the emergency department may be necessary.

Suicide and Mental Health

Depression is the most common cause of suicide, highlighting the importance of mental health awareness and support.

Emergency Response Procedures

In a drowning scenario, applying cervical and spinal immobilization is crucial if the patient is unconscious and being held at the water's surface.
For fire ant bites, initial treatment should prioritize using an epi-injector if the patient shows signs of severe allergic reactions.

Frostbite and Treatment

For frostbite, removing jewelry from the affected limb helps prevent complications due to swelling.

Airway Management

Hypoxia is a major risk associated with suctioning a patient's airway, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring during the procedure.
Early signs of shock include tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness, and cool, clammy skin.

Medical Terminology and Anatomy

A narrowing of blood pressure is defined as a reading of 20 mmHg.
For administering 6 liters per minute of oxygen, nasal cannula is the most appropriate choice.
Hand washing serves as the first line of defense against infectious diseases.

Internal Organ Function

Insulin is produced in the pancreas, a vital organ for metabolism and blood sugar regulation.
Left-sided congestive heart failure can be suspected in patients with frothy sputum, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

Pediatric Considerations

A barking cough and cold-like symptoms in a 2-year-old might indicate croup, a common respiratory condition in children.

Anatomy of the Arm

The three main bones of the arm are the humerus, ulna, and radius.

Mechanisms of Injury

Falls greater than 10 feet are not classified as significant mechanisms of injury for adults.

Dislocation Treatment

Sling and swathe stabilization is recommended for a suspected dislocated shoulder to avoid further injury.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Attempting to take blood pressure on a patient who refuses treatment may lead to battery, demonstrating the importance of consent in healthcare.

Injury Assessment

Battle signs are indicative of a basilar skull fracture, often associated with head trauma.

Gastrointestinal Emergencies

Bright red blood vomit, along with jaundice, suggests the presence of esophageal varices, requiring urgent medical management.

Stages of Labor

The second stage of labor is when the baby is born.

Mass Casualty Incidents

The incident commander holds overall responsibility in a mass casualty situation, coordinating all emergency services.

Hazard Assessment

An NFPA diamond rating of 4 in the blue section indicates an extreme health hazard.

Intubation Techniques

Suspecting the intubation in the right stem bronchus is crucial if breath sounds are only heard on the right side.

Secondary Exam Components

Forming a general impression is not considered part of the history or secondary exam.

Pediatric Care

Capillary refill is most useful in patients under six years of age, effective in assessing perfusion.

Patient Assessment Mnemonics

The OPQRST mnemonic assists in evaluating a conscious patient’s current complaint, especially in chest pain scenarios.

Hypothermia and Frostbite Care

Rubbing frostbitten skin can lead to further damage; proper care involves covering and protecting the area.

Kidney Location

The kidneys are located in the upper abdominal quadrant, a critical aspect of human anatomy.

Cardiac Disturbances

Ventricular fibrillation is the most common electrical disturbance causing sudden cardiac arrest, a key concept in emergency medicine.

Prioritizing Patients

A patient with chest pain and a low blood pressure of 80 is considered the highest priority, necessitating immediate care.

Blood-Borne Diseases Transmission

Amniotic fluid has the highest potential to transmit blood-borne diseases, stressing the need for careful handling in medical scenarios.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these NREMT practice questions designed to prepare you for the exam. These flashcards cover essential emergency medical procedures and assessments crucial for patient care. Ideal for candidates looking to reinforce their understanding of real-world scenarios.