Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first step in the prescription medicines registration process?
What is the first step in the prescription medicines registration process?
Which schedule categorizes controlled drugs in the medicine scheduling system?
Which schedule categorizes controlled drugs in the medicine scheduling system?
Which type of data is required after the product development phase in the registration process for prescription medicines?
Which type of data is required after the product development phase in the registration process for prescription medicines?
What does ARTG stand for in the context of therapeutic goods?
What does ARTG stand for in the context of therapeutic goods?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of submission guidelines must a sponsor follow for the registration process?
What type of submission guidelines must a sponsor follow for the registration process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component is NOT part of the dossier preparation for prescription medicines?
Which component is NOT part of the dossier preparation for prescription medicines?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key requirement before therapeutic goods can be supplied or imported in Australia?
What is a key requirement before therapeutic goods can be supplied or imported in Australia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regulatory submission process?
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regulatory submission process?
Signup and view all the answers
What is typically required for the scheduling of prescription medicines?
What is typically required for the scheduling of prescription medicines?
Signup and view all the answers
What constitutes the final step in the submission basics for prescription medicines?
What constitutes the final step in the submission basics for prescription medicines?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum allowed extension period for Provisional Approval under the Standard PM Pathway?
What is the maximum allowed extension period for Provisional Approval under the Standard PM Pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following paths allows for expedited review under the TGA guidelines?
Which of the following paths allows for expedited review under the TGA guidelines?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the TGA's target timeframe for a Priority Review application?
What is the TGA's target timeframe for a Priority Review application?
Signup and view all the answers
How many phases does the Standard PM Pathway consist of?
How many phases does the Standard PM Pathway consist of?
Signup and view all the answers
Which option is NOT a facilitated pathway available under the TGA evaluation process?
Which option is NOT a facilitated pathway available under the TGA evaluation process?
Signup and view all the answers
What triggers the TGA clock to stop during the submission evaluation process?
What triggers the TGA clock to stop during the submission evaluation process?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of regulatory submissions, what does COR-A and COR-B refer to?
In the context of regulatory submissions, what does COR-A and COR-B refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which country is included under the Work-sharing arrangement for TGA submissions?
Which country is included under the Work-sharing arrangement for TGA submissions?
Signup and view all the answers
What milestone signifies the end of the planning phase in the submission evaluation process?
What milestone signifies the end of the planning phase in the submission evaluation process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which pathway has no provision for extension beyond its initial evaluation period?
Which pathway has no provision for extension beyond its initial evaluation period?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the estimated time frame to develop a new pharmaceutical product?
What is the estimated time frame to develop a new pharmaceutical product?
Signup and view all the answers
Which step comes first in the traditional pharmaceutical development pathway?
Which step comes first in the traditional pharmaceutical development pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
What legislative framework governs the regulation of therapeutic goods in Australia?
What legislative framework governs the regulation of therapeutic goods in Australia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)?
What is the purpose of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)?
Signup and view all the answers
During the Clinical Development phase, what is primarily assessed?
During the Clinical Development phase, what is primarily assessed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is included in the Health Technology Assessment strategy?
What is included in the Health Technology Assessment strategy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)?
Signup and view all the answers
What precedes the Regulatory Submission in the pharmaceutical development process?
What precedes the Regulatory Submission in the pharmaceutical development process?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of product is classified as a therapeutic good?
What type of product is classified as a therapeutic good?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the acronym GCP stand for in the context of pharmaceuticals?
What does the acronym GCP stand for in the context of pharmaceuticals?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key component of the Product Development Plan?
What is a key component of the Product Development Plan?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the final step before a product launch in the medical device development pathway?
What is the final step before a product launch in the medical device development pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
What does pharmacovigilance (PV) involve?
What does pharmacovigilance (PV) involve?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of regulatory submission, what does ARTG stand for?
In the context of regulatory submission, what does ARTG stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device?
What is the primary purpose of an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device?
Signup and view all the answers
Which document is NOT required for the inclusion of a medical device?
Which document is NOT required for the inclusion of a medical device?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in the TGA regulatory process for IVD devices?
What is the first step in the TGA regulatory process for IVD devices?
Signup and view all the answers
What ligand is associated with the TrkA receptor?
What ligand is associated with the TrkA receptor?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of an IVD medical device?
Which of the following is a characteristic of an IVD medical device?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor binds to neurotropin 3?
Which receptor binds to neurotropin 3?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following steps is involved in the submission process for IVD devices to TGA?
Which of the following steps is involved in the submission process for IVD devices to TGA?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of LOXO-101 in cancer treatment?
What is the role of LOXO-101 in cancer treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What must a manufacturer provide to support compliance with Essential Principles for IVD devices?
What must a manufacturer provide to support compliance with Essential Principles for IVD devices?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is NOT a intended use for in vitro diagnostic medical devices?
Which is NOT a intended use for in vitro diagnostic medical devices?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is associated with TrkB receptor activity?
Which factor is associated with TrkB receptor activity?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the acronym ARTG stand for in the context of medical devices?
What does the acronym ARTG stand for in the context of medical devices?
Signup and view all the answers
In which context was the inhibition of cancer cells by LOXO-101 investigated?
In which context was the inhibition of cancer cells by LOXO-101 investigated?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of study design did the research on NTRK fusion focus on?
What type of study design did the research on NTRK fusion focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the TRK signaling pathway?
What is the primary function of the TRK signaling pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor is NOT associated with the TRK signaling pathways?
Which receptor is NOT associated with the TRK signaling pathways?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement correctly describes a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
Which statement correctly describes a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of dealings with GMOs does not require a license?
What type of dealings with GMOs does not require a license?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following therapeutic goods requires a license from the OGTR?
Which of the following therapeutic goods requires a license from the OGTR?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gene therapy product is delivered ex vivo?
Which gene therapy product is delivered ex vivo?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is considered a notifiable low-risk dealing?
Which of the following is considered a notifiable low-risk dealing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the classification for gene therapy that does not involve intentional release into the environment?
What is the classification for gene therapy that does not involve intentional release into the environment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an emergency dealing determination?
Which of the following is an emergency dealing determination?
Signup and view all the answers
Which combination of gene therapy products is administered in vivo?
Which combination of gene therapy products is administered in vivo?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a requirement for adult patients to be eligible for larotrectinib (Vitrakvi) treatment?
What is a requirement for adult patients to be eligible for larotrectinib (Vitrakvi) treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following tumour types is NOT included in the Phase 2 NAVIGATE study?
Which of the following tumour types is NOT included in the Phase 2 NAVIGATE study?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following testing methods is used to determine the presence of NTRK gene fusions?
Which of the following testing methods is used to determine the presence of NTRK gene fusions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum age requirement for patients eligible for the SCOUT study?
What is the minimum age requirement for patients eligible for the SCOUT study?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines a biological product according to the provided information?
What defines a biological product according to the provided information?
Signup and view all the answers
Which dosing schedule is used in the Phase 1/2 SCOUT study?
Which dosing schedule is used in the Phase 1/2 SCOUT study?
Signup and view all the answers
What does MSAC stand for in the context of medical test recommendations?
What does MSAC stand for in the context of medical test recommendations?
Signup and view all the answers
In which PBAC meeting was the recommendation for larotrectinib treatment made?
In which PBAC meeting was the recommendation for larotrectinib treatment made?
Signup and view all the answers
Which region has granted provisional approval for Vitrakvi for adult and paediatric patients?
Which region has granted provisional approval for Vitrakvi for adult and paediatric patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What specific condition must be met for paediatric patients to qualify for treatment with a NTRK inhibitor?
What specific condition must be met for paediatric patients to qualify for treatment with a NTRK inhibitor?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of the studies mentioned in the content?
What is the primary focus of the studies mentioned in the content?
Signup and view all the answers
Which tumour type has the highest number of patients in the Phase 2 NAVIGATE study?
Which tumour type has the highest number of patients in the Phase 2 NAVIGATE study?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cancers are specifically referenced as eligible for NTRK fusion testing in adults?
Which type of cancers are specifically referenced as eligible for NTRK fusion testing in adults?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in companion diagnostic testing?
What is the role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in companion diagnostic testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum dosage used in the Phase 1 NCT02122913 study?
What is the maximum dosage used in the Phase 1 NCT02122913 study?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following combinations represents a common demographic in the studies listed?
Which of the following combinations represents a common demographic in the studies listed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is not a function of a biological product?
What is not a function of a biological product?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following patients is excluded from the eligibility criteria for the studies discussed?
Which of the following patients is excluded from the eligibility criteria for the studies discussed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action for Vitrakvi?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Vitrakvi?
Signup and view all the answers
What major event in 1962 led to strengthened regulatory requirements in the pharmaceutical industry?
What major event in 1962 led to strengthened regulatory requirements in the pharmaceutical industry?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following therapies was first approved in 2017?
Which of the following therapies was first approved in 2017?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant trend in current pharmaceutical industry practices?
What is a significant trend in current pharmaceutical industry practices?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug was the top-selling medicine globally in 2022?
Which drug was the top-selling medicine globally in 2022?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the TRIPS agreement relate to in the pharmaceutical context?
What does the TRIPS agreement relate to in the pharmaceutical context?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug had the highest cost to the Australian government during 2022-23?
Which drug had the highest cost to the Australian government during 2022-23?
Signup and view all the answers
How much does it typically cost to bring a new product to market?
How much does it typically cost to bring a new product to market?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'precision medicine' aim to accomplish in healthcare?
What does 'precision medicine' aim to accomplish in healthcare?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is a key factor in current pharmaceutical corporate policies?
Which is a key factor in current pharmaceutical corporate policies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following therapies was first approved in 2015?
Which of the following therapies was first approved in 2015?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the focus of the pandemic treaty being discussed by the WHO?
What is the focus of the pandemic treaty being discussed by the WHO?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a biotechnology that impacts pharmaceutical health?
Which of the following is an example of a biotechnology that impacts pharmaceutical health?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a pivotal regulatory change introduced in 1906?
What was a pivotal regulatory change introduced in 1906?
Signup and view all the answers
Which therapeutic area is currently gaining importance in the pharmaceutical industry?
Which therapeutic area is currently gaining importance in the pharmaceutical industry?
Signup and view all the answers
What class of therapeutic goods includes drugs that require a prescription before they can be obtained?
What class of therapeutic goods includes drugs that require a prescription before they can be obtained?
Signup and view all the answers
Which schedule in medicine scheduling indicates 'Caution' for the substances listed?
Which schedule in medicine scheduling indicates 'Caution' for the substances listed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is required before a therapeutic good can be supplied in or exported from Australia?
What is required before a therapeutic good can be supplied in or exported from Australia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of data required during the registration process for prescription medicines?
Which of the following is NOT a type of data required during the registration process for prescription medicines?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'dossier' refer to in the context of the registration process?
What does the term 'dossier' refer to in the context of the registration process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of medicines can only be dispensed under the supervision of a pharmacist?
Which type of medicines can only be dispensed under the supervision of a pharmacist?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of the risk-based approach to regulation of therapeutic goods?
What is the primary focus of the risk-based approach to regulation of therapeutic goods?
Signup and view all the answers
Which step comes immediately after writing AU-specific designations in the submission basics?
Which step comes immediately after writing AU-specific designations in the submission basics?
Signup and view all the answers
What classification encompasses substances deemed dangerous poisons?
What classification encompasses substances deemed dangerous poisons?
Signup and view all the answers
Which category of therapeutic goods includes vaccines and gene therapy products?
Which category of therapeutic goods includes vaccines and gene therapy products?
Signup and view all the answers
Which criteria must a medicine satisfy to qualify for the Priority Review designation?
Which criteria must a medicine satisfy to qualify for the Priority Review designation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum validity period for an orphan designation application?
What is the maximum validity period for an orphan designation application?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes the Provisional Approval process from the Priority Review?
What distinguishes the Provisional Approval process from the Priority Review?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a key criterion for a medicine to qualify for Provisional Approval?
Which of the following is a key criterion for a medicine to qualify for Provisional Approval?
Signup and view all the answers
Which option correctly describes the pre-submission meeting recommendation for standard applications?
Which option correctly describes the pre-submission meeting recommendation for standard applications?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of rolling data submission in the regulatory process?
What is the role of rolling data submission in the regulatory process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following accurately represents the consolidated TGA request for information timeframe?
Which of the following accurately represents the consolidated TGA request for information timeframe?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the defining feature of a medical device according to the provided definition?
What is the defining feature of a medical device according to the provided definition?
Signup and view all the answers
During which phase is the application lodged for a Priority Review designation?
During which phase is the application lodged for a Priority Review designation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is NOT a valid reason for a medicine's eligibility under the orphan designation?
Which is NOT a valid reason for a medicine's eligibility under the orphan designation?
Signup and view all the answers
What classification does Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) fall under?
What classification does Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) fall under?
Signup and view all the answers
Which regulatory pathway is used for in vivo gene therapy?
Which regulatory pathway is used for in vivo gene therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
When was Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) first registered in the ARTG?
When was Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) first registered in the ARTG?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of therapy does Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel) represent?
What type of therapy does Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel) represent?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following products requires an OGTR license for supply?
Which of the following products requires an OGTR license for supply?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the therapeutic focus of Hemgenix (etranacogene dezaparvovec)?
What is the therapeutic focus of Hemgenix (etranacogene dezaparvovec)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which product is classified as a Class 4 biological?
Which product is classified as a Class 4 biological?
Signup and view all the answers
Which document indicates that a medical device complies with Essential Principles?
Which document indicates that a medical device complies with Essential Principles?
Signup and view all the answers
What innovation is associated with future directions in therapeutic product development?
What innovation is associated with future directions in therapeutic product development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary intended use of an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device?
What is the primary intended use of an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gene therapy product is not classified under prescription medicines?
Which gene therapy product is not classified under prescription medicines?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in the regulation process for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices by the TGA?
What is the first step in the regulation process for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices by the TGA?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gene therapy product did not receive commercial supply approval in 2020?
Which gene therapy product did not receive commercial supply approval in 2020?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT considered an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device?
Which of the following is NOT considered an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device?
Signup and view all the answers
What step follows the preparation and submission of TGA conformity assessment?
What step follows the preparation and submission of TGA conformity assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which document must a manufacturer obtain to guarantee compliance with the IVD regulations?
Which document must a manufacturer obtain to guarantee compliance with the IVD regulations?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes an essential characteristic of an IVD medical device?
Which of the following describes an essential characteristic of an IVD medical device?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the purposes of an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device?
What is one of the purposes of an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary ligand associated with the TrkC receptor?
What is the primary ligand associated with the TrkC receptor?
Signup and view all the answers
Which inhibitor is noted for its effect on cancer cells possessing oncogenic TRK?
Which inhibitor is noted for its effect on cancer cells possessing oncogenic TRK?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of cancer was an oncogenic NTRK fusion response to LOXO-101 observed?
In which type of cancer was an oncogenic NTRK fusion response to LOXO-101 observed?
Signup and view all the answers
Which signaling pathway is involved with the TrkA receptor?
Which signaling pathway is involved with the TrkA receptor?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of BDNF in relation to TrkB?
What is the role of BDNF in relation to TrkB?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of model was used to investigate LOXO-101's effects on tumor growth?
What type of model was used to investigate LOXO-101's effects on tumor growth?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor is linked to the neurotrophin known as NGF?
Which receptor is linked to the neurotrophin known as NGF?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotrophic factor is linked to TrkB and recognized for its role in neural development?
Which neurotrophic factor is linked to TrkB and recognized for its role in neural development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical duration for drug discovery and development according to the traditional pharmaceutical development pathway?
What is the typical duration for drug discovery and development according to the traditional pharmaceutical development pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
Which phase immediately follows clinical trials in the pharmaceutical development pathway?
Which phase immediately follows clinical trials in the pharmaceutical development pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) pertain to within pharmaceutical development?
What does Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) pertain to within pharmaceutical development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which step is included in the medical devices development pathway after verification and validation?
Which step is included in the medical devices development pathway after verification and validation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)?
What is the primary purpose of the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Product Development Plan?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Product Development Plan?
Signup and view all the answers
Which practice focuses on monitoring the safety of medicines post-market?
Which practice focuses on monitoring the safety of medicines post-market?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of goods falls under the regulation of the Therapeutic Goods Act?
What type of goods falls under the regulation of the Therapeutic Goods Act?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a principal aspect of the Health Technology Assessment strategy?
What is a principal aspect of the Health Technology Assessment strategy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect does NOT fall under the regulatory requirements established by the Therapeutic Goods Act?
Which aspect does NOT fall under the regulatory requirements established by the Therapeutic Goods Act?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key role of the TGA regarding unapproved medicines?
What is a key role of the TGA regarding unapproved medicines?
Signup and view all the answers
What stage occurs right before marketing approval in the pharmaceutical development pathway?
What stage occurs right before marketing approval in the pharmaceutical development pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is described as a component of the regulatory submission process?
Which of the following is described as a component of the regulatory submission process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which regulation governs the licensing of manufacturers in Australia?
Which regulation governs the licensing of manufacturers in Australia?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Course Information
- Course code: PHAR4813
- Course title: Novel Therapeutics - Regulation
- Instructor: Dr Orin Chisholm
- University: The University of Sydney
Learning Outcomes
- LO3: Demonstrate awareness of current biotechnologies and their impact on pharmaceutical health
- LO4: Explain the principles involved in drug discovery and the decision-making process involved in developing drugs
History of the Pharma Industry
- 1859: First factory producing medicines (Beecham)
- 1962: Thalidomide disaster - Safety and efficacy regulations strengthened
- 1985: Recombinant human insulin registered in the US
- 1995: TRIPS agreement (20-year patent term)
- 1906: US Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
- 1976: Genentech founded
- 1990: First HIV reverse transcriptase approved
- 2000: Human genome sequenced
- 2012: First gene therapy product (Glybera) approved
- 2015: First 3D-printed tablets approved
- 2017: First CAR-T cell therapy (Kymriah) approved
- 2021: First mRNA vaccines (Comirnaty, Spikevax) approved
Current Directions and Influences
- Science: Oncology, rare diseases, cell & gene therapy, mRNA-based therapies, AI in drug development, precision medicine & data
- Policies: WHO - universal health coverage, future pandemic preparedness, sovereign manufacturing capability, industrial & innovation, health funding, regulatory science, research and export/trade
- Corporate: VALUE, ESG and climate change impacts, EDI, increasing patient voice, new ways of working, digital integration, codes of conduct, ethics, transparency, business & corporate policies
Top Pharmaceutical Markets (2022)
- United States: 42.6%
- China: 7.6%
- Japan: 4.5%
- Germany: 4%
- France: 2.8%
- Italy: 2.4%
- United Kingdom: 2.3%
- Canada: 2%
- Spain:1.9%
- Brazil: 1.9%
Top Therapeutic Classes by Sales (2023)
- Anticancer, immunological: 4,492
- Anticancer, other: 3,622
- Gene therapy: 2,083
- Other classes also listed in descending order by number of products
Top MedTech Market Segments (2021)
- Data shows distribution of global revenue of MedTech industry in 2021, by product type (e.g., Cardiovascular, Medical Imaging, Orthopedics). Specific segments and their percentage of revenue are detailed.
FDA-CDER Annual Novel Drug Approvals (2023)
- Data presented as a graph showing annual approvals of new drugs. Also includes a pie chart of the breakdown of First-in-Class versus other types of drug approvals
Top 10 Drugs by Sales (2022)
- Lists top 10 global drugs by revenue (in USD billion) with details of the drugs, indication, and companies responsible.
Top PBS Drugs by Cost to Australian Government (2022-23)
- A table listing the most expensive drugs on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia, with the cost to the government for each, sorted by cost from most to least.
Expenses and Revenues Curve for a New Medicine
- Graph depicting the typical expenses and revenues of a new medication over time. It illustrates stages of investment, product uptake and the return period, and how expenditures can outpace revenues initially.
Cost to Bring a New Product to Market
- Estimated costs range between $1-3 billion.
Time to Bring a New Product to Market
- Typical time frame is (6-11) years.
Pharmaceutical Traditional Development Pathway
- The correct order for development steps: Drug Discovery & Pre-clinical Studies -> Clinical Trials -> Marketing, PV, Further Clinical Studies -> Registration -> Reimbursement.
Product Development Plan
- Key components of a product development plan (e.g., situational analysis, competitor landscape, target product profile, regulatory strategy, health technology assessment strategy, timelines).
Medical Devices Development Pathway
- Steps involved in the development pathway of medical devices. Stages include: Initiation, Formulation, Design and Development, Verification and Validation, Manufacturing and Testing, Clinical Development, Regulatory Submissions, Launch, Post-Market Compliance, Reimbursement
Legal Basis of Medicines Regulation in Australia
- A hierarchy of laws regulating medicines in Australia: Laws, Regulations, Orders, Guidances and Standards underpin and are supported by these.
Australian Legislation
- Therapeutic Goods Act (1989), Therapeutic Goods Regulations (1990) and Therapeutic Goods Orders (various).
- Australian Regulatory Guidelines (Prescription Medicines, Medical Devices, Biologicals).
- Adherence to International guidelines
What the Therapeutic Goods Act Does
- Establishes the TGA and advisory committees, regulates advertising, licenses and inspects manufacturers, establishes ARTG, post-market surveillance and testing of medical products, assessment of medicines for export and establishes processes for access to unapproved medicines.
Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
- Responsibilities: Pre-market evaluation and approval of therapeutic goods, licensing of manufacturers, post-market surveillance, development/monitoring systems, and assessment for export
Definition of a Therapeutic Good
- Definition of therapeutic goods as per TGA
Classes of Therapeutic Goods
- Classes of Therapeutic goods include: prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines, complementary medicines, sunscreens, medical devices, biologicals, and blood and blood components.
Risk-based approach to regulation
- Classifying medical products based on the risk level (low, medium, high)
- Higher risk products require more rigorous regulatory oversight.
Medical Device Classification
- Medical equipment with their respective classifications (Class I, Class IIa, Class IIb, Class III), according to risk level
Essential Principles
- General principles, design and construction standards, labelling, standards and testing procedures.
Conformity Assessment Procedures
- Help demonstrate compliance with the Essential Principles by utilizing Quality Management System (ISO 13485) requirements.
Supplying Medical Devices in Australia
- Steps involved in supplying medical devices: Confirm your product is a medical device, determine the type and class, prepare documents for inclusion, Submit application for inclusion, print ARTG certificate, and finally supply the device.
In-vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Medical Device Definition
- Specific definition to describe in-vitro diagnostic medical devices (e.g., reagents, calibrators, control materials, equipment).
IVD Regulation By TGA
- TGA's classification of IVD’s based on factors such as the level and type of potential risk
Case Study
- Case study data detailed about a medication (larotrectinib). The study describes a timeline of the clinical development process for larotrectinib and entrectinib
TRK signaling pathways
- Illustrates how TRK receptors work to signal biological responses. (This is displayed with a diagram).
Non-clinical studies
- Data displayed as graphs about non-clinical studies
Clinical Studies
- Overview of various clinical studies including the study design, target patient populations, dosages, number of participants, and tumor types.
Regulatory Milestones
- A timeline of key regulatory events (e.g., US, EU, AU, Japan, China) for Larotrectinib and Entrectinib's approvals, and companion diagnostics.
Co-dependent health technology
- Describes co-dependent health technologies. Conditions and guidelines, e.g. PBAC guidelines
Reimbursement - PBS/MBS
- Criteria for reimbursement for new treatments, such as larotrectinib (Vitrakvi).
Biologicals
- Describes what a biological is, risk groupings, and the application process for these products in class 1, 2, or 4.
Application process
- Details the process for each class of biological
Cell Therapies
- An summary of cell therapies and their ongoing clinical trials by phase and region
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
- Information on regulatory integration of GMOs in Australia. Covers the involvement of agencies like Biosecurity Australia, TGA, APVMA, OGTR, and AICIS
Gene Technology (GT) Act 2000
- Details of the GT Act 2000, and its mirroring in State/Territory Acts; a national scheme to regulate GMOs, and the User’s guide
What is a GMO?
- Definition of GMO; and examples of items that are not considered GMO
What are dealings with GMOs?
- Definition to explain different dealings related to GMOs
GMO Authorisations
- Notifiable low risk and High risk GMO dealings defined; and example products for each category
Cell and Gene Therapy Products
- Details of the processes involved in delivering gene therapy: ex-vivo, and in-vivo
Regulatory Pathways
- Describes the regulatory pathways for gene therapy (ex vivo and in vivo), giving specific examples.
Genetically modified human therapeutics
- Summary on relevant documents showing the OGTR License, supply, dates, and ARTG start dates for specified therapeutic products.
Class 4 Biological Cell Therapies - Examples
- Lists examples of class 4 biological cell therapies (Kymriah, Yescarta, Tecartus, Carvykti), and their first ARTG entry dates.
Future Directions
- Outlines potential future trends in the development of therapeutic products including precision medicine, cell therapies, gene therapies, 3D printing, brain-device interfaces, nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and Al-driven devices.
Questions?
- Invitation to ask questions
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the history and regulation of novel therapeutics in the pharmaceutical industry. This quiz will cover key milestones in drug discovery, biotechnology innovations, and the evolution of safety regulations. Prepare to demonstrate your understanding of the principles that shape pharmaceutical health today.