23 Questions
Which of the following is the goal of building a more sophisticated phrase structure grammar for English?
To generate only correct sentences
What is the purpose of the slogan 'all but only' in syntax?
To generate an infinite number of sentences
Why does the phrase structure grammar built for this class fail terribly at generating all and only correct sentences?
Because it generates incorrect sentences
Which categories did the author add to the phrase structure grammar?
Adjectives and adverbs
Which type of sentence is NOT mentioned as a possible output of the grammar?
Exclamations
What is the purpose of adding optionality and choice to the model?
To include pronouns and names
What are the new components of the noun phrase rule in the updated grammar?
Article, adjective phrase, noun, prepositional phrase
Which of the following is NOT true about the noun phrase rule?
It must always include an adjective phrase
Which of the following is true about the verb phrase rule?
The adverb is optional
Which of the following is true about the prepositional phrase rule?
Both pieces must be there
Which of the following is NOT true about the noun phrase options?
The squiggly brackets are used to indicate choices
Which phrase must always be included in a sentence, according to the rule described in the text?
Noun phrase
What is the purpose of including empty slots in the sentence structure, as explained in the text?
To provide flexibility for adding structures in the sentence
Why is it necessary to have multiple phrase levels in a sentence, according to the text?
To provide additional opportunities for adding structures in the sentence
What is the correct order of the daughters in a noun phrase, according to the rule described in the text?
Article, adjective phrase, noun
Which elements are optional in a noun phrase according to the version of the rules mentioned in the text?
Article, adjective phrase, noun, prepositional phrase
Which order should the elements be in a full noun phrase according to the version of the rules mentioned in the text?
Article, adjective phrase, noun, prepositional phrase
What are the two daughters of the S node in an English sentence according to the version of the rules mentioned in the text?
NP, VP
What are the optional elements in a verb phrase according to the version of the rules mentioned in the text?
Adverb, noun phrase, prepositional phrase
What does the author want to achieve with the phrase 'books' and 'those books'?
The author wants 'books' and 'those books' to be interchangeable structurally.
What does the author want to achieve with the phrases 'very cute' and 'cute'?
The author wants 'very cute' and 'cute' to be interchangeable structurally.
What type of phrases does the author want to be replaceable with pronouns?
Noun phrases
Why does the author include phrase layers in the hierarchical structure?
To maintain the properties of constituency and meaning
Study Notes
Goal of Building a Sophisticated Phrase Structure Grammar
- The goal of building a more sophisticated phrase structure grammar for English is to generate all and only correct sentences.
Purpose of the Slogan 'All but Only'
- The slogan 'all but only' means that the grammar should generate all correct sentences and only correct sentences.
Limitations of the Original Phrase Structure Grammar
- The phrase structure grammar built for this class fails to generate all and only correct sentences.
Additions to the Phrase Structure Grammar
- The author adds categories such as optionality and choice to the model.
Purpose of Adding Optionality and Choice
- The purpose of adding optionality and choice to the model is to make the grammar more flexible and able to generate a wider range of sentences.
Updated Noun Phrase Rule
- The new components of the noun phrase rule include the determiner (D) and noun (N) daughters, with the optionality of adjectives (ADJ) and prepositional phrases (PP).
Characteristics of the Noun Phrase Rule
- The noun phrase rule is not always obligatory, and the D and N daughters are not always required.
- The correct order of the daughters in a noun phrase is D, ADJ, N, and PP.
Characteristics of the Verb Phrase Rule
- The verb phrase rule includes the verb (V) and optional PP, ADJ, and NP daughters.
Characteristics of the Prepositional Phrase Rule
- The prepositional phrase rule includes the preposition (P) and NP daughters.
Noun Phrase Options
- The noun phrase options include the presence or absence of adjectives and prepositional phrases.
Required Phrase in a Sentence
- The NP (noun phrase) must always be included in a sentence.
Purpose of Empty Slots
- The purpose of including empty slots in the sentence structure is to allow for the generation of a wider range of sentences.
Importance of Multiple Phrase Levels
- It is necessary to have multiple phrase levels in a sentence to allow for the creation of more complex sentences.
Function of the S Node
- The S node in an English sentence has two daughters: NP and VP.
Optional Elements in a Noun Phrase
- The optional elements in a noun phrase are adjectives and prepositional phrases.
Order of Elements in a Full Noun Phrase
- The order of elements in a full noun phrase is D, ADJ, N, and PP.
Optional Elements in a Verb Phrase
- The optional elements in a verb phrase are prepositional phrases, adjectives, and noun phrases.
Purpose of the Phrases 'Books' and 'Those Books'
- The author wants to achieve the distinction between a bare noun phrase and a noun phrase with a determiner.
Purpose of the Phrases 'Very Cute' and 'Cute'
- The author wants to achieve the distinction between a simple adjective and an adjective phrase.
Replaceable Phrases
- The author wants noun phrases to be replaceable with pronouns.
Importance of Phrase Layers
- The author includes phrase layers in the hierarchical structure to allow for the creation of more complex sentences.
Test your understanding of noun phrases and their components with this quiz! From articles and adjectives to nouns and prepositional phrases, challenge yourself to identify the essential elements in a noun phrase.
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