Norwegian Organizations and Their Roles
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Questions and Answers

What is the average number of organizations each Norwegian citizen belongs to?

  • Three
  • Four (correct)
  • Five
  • Two

Which type of organization primarily advocates for humanitarian aid and human rights?

  • Political parties
  • Non-profit organizations (correct)
  • Sports organizations
  • Transportation organizations

What is a primary goal of environmental organizations in Norway?

  • To improve sports facilities
  • To promote gasoline consumption
  • To reduce the number of political organizations
  • To increase control of emissions and industrial waste (correct)

Which kind of organization seeks to influence political decisions regarding transportation policies?

<p>Transportation organizations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do sports organizations in Norway primarily focus on?

<p>Increasing young people's participation in sports (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the demonstrations mentioned?

<p>Protest against the US's refusal to sign the Kyoto Protocol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the organization ATTAC?

<p>Reducing the gap between rich and poor nations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organizations are mentioned as involved in lobbying efforts?

<p>Bellona and the Nature Conservation Association (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner do environmental organizations present their opinions to the Norwegian parliament?

<p>By submitting documents and meeting with representatives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the global response regarding solidarity with developing countries?

<p>People around the world joined forces to show solidarity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of political demonstrations in Norway?

<p>Influence on politicians' decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way individuals and groups can support a person’s residency in Norway?

<p>By creating a petition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event in 2001 highlighted public opposition to racism in Norway?

<p>The murder of Benjamin Hermansen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can articles influence public opinion?

<p>By responding to current issues or initiating discussions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the WTO meeting in Seattle in 1999?

<p>It marked the first significant anti-globalization protest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way non-party members can influence government decisions?

<p>By organizing protests and gatherings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes informal power from formal power?

<p>Formal power is held by legal entities, while informal power is exerted by organizations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does freedom of assembly enable citizens to do?

<p>It permits organized efforts to advocate for personal and community interests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might organizations that are not political parties seek to influence formal power holders?

<p>Because they lack the legal power to make decisions on their own (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the role of non-party members in advocacy?

<p>Participating in organized efforts to raise awareness on issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of private sector leaders had reportedly used professional information consultants and lobbyists to influence government decisions, according to a 2001 study?

<p>30% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an advisory referendum?

<p>It provides recommendations to the legislature without obligation to follow them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Norway hold its referendum on EU membership?

<p>November 28, 1994 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following referendums was NOT held in Norway?

<p>Referendum on the ban of alcohol sales in 1926 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Norwegian referendum on EU membership?

<p>A majority voted against EU membership (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treaty formalized the European Union?

<p>Maastricht Treaty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are some representatives advocating for transparency in lobbying practices?

<p>To ensure the public knows who is influencing decisions and how much is being paid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature does the Norwegian Constitution have regarding referendums?

<p>It does not mention referendums at all. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of voters supported EU membership in the 1994 referendum?

<p>47.82% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group campaigned heavily against Norway's EU membership?

<p>A significant number of people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in 1972 regarding Norway's EU membership?

<p>A referendum was held. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the 1972 referendum in Norway concerning EU membership?

<p>The majority rejected EU membership. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused political instability in Norway prior to the 1972 referendum?

<p>Disagreements within the Norwegian government. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benefits were highlighted by supporters of EU membership?

<p>Economic benefits and political freedom. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common feature of public discourse during the vote on EU membership in Norway?

<p>Intense public debate and discussion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of civil disobedience?

<p>Deliberately breaking laws with non-violent methods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates individuals to engage in civil disobedience?

<p>A belief that breaking the law is justified for a greater cause (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best exemplifies civil disobedience?

<p>Activists occupy a farm to prevent it from being demolished (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'the end justifies the means' imply about actions taken during civil disobedience?

<p>Unethical actions are acceptable if the outcome is deemed important (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common goal of environmental activists who engage in civil disobedience?

<p>To expose illegal activities in pollution management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main immediate goal of the Sámi women's occupation of the Prime Minister's office in 1981?

<p>To halt construction projects in Alta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant law was passed in May 2005 as a result of the Sámi women's efforts?

<p>The Finnmark Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was one of the notable individuals involved in the women’s group from Máze?

<p>Inger Anna Sara Goup (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the contesting arguments posed by non-Sámi people regarding the Finnmark Act?

<p>It infringed on their rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate success of the occupation despite the immediate failure to stop the Alta project?

<p>Passage of the Finnmark Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main catalyst for the Sami people's mobilization in the late 1970s?

<p>The decision to expand the Alta-Kautokeino river basin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did a small group of Sami people take to protest against the expansion project in 1979?

<p>They conducted a hunger strike outside the Parliament. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the hunger strike initiated by the Sami in front of the Norwegian Parliament?

<p>It delayed the project temporarily. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the slogan used by protestors during the Alta Action in 1981?

<p>Let the river live (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the government respond to the protest during the Alta Action?

<p>They deployed a large police force to stop the protest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Freedom of Assembly

The right to gather and express ideas freely without government interference.

Formal Power

Power granted by law, such as the authority held by elected officials.

Informal Power

Power derived from influence and persuasion, often exerted by groups or organizations.

Political Parties

Political groups with elected representatives who have the power to make official decisions.

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Informal Power Pressure

Organizations use their influence to pressure those with formal power to address specific issues.

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Political Interest Groups

Groups that aim to influence political decisions on various issues like human rights, sports, transportation, and the environment.

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Environmental Organizations

Organizations that advocate for the protection of the environment and the reduction of pollution.

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Sports Organizations

Organizations that focus on promoting sports and advocating for better sports facilities.

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Transportation Organizations

Organizations that aim to improve transportation infrastructure and reduce costs for drivers.

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Non-profit Organizations

Organizations that prioritize humanitarian aid and human rights advocacy.

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What is a petition?

A written request signed by many people, advocating for a specific cause or change.

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What are demonstrations?

Public gatherings where people express their opinions or demands, often regarding political or social issues.

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What's the role of articles in influencing policy?

Articles published in newspapers or online, raising awareness about important topics or events.

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What is 'changing one's mind' in politics?

The act of changing one's stance or opinion after considering new information or public pressure.

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How can individuals and groups influence policy?

Directly engaging with politicians and decision-makers to voice concerns and advocate for change.

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Referendum

A direct vote by all eligible citizens in a country on a specific issue.

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Binding Referendum

A referendum where the outcome is legally binding on the government.

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Advisory Referendum

A referendum where the outcome is a recommendation for the legislature, but not legally binding.

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Lobbyists

People or groups that try to influence government policies by directly contacting officials.

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Lobbying

The act of influencing government officials or decisions, often by special interest groups.

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Demonstrations

A group of people who gather to express their views or opinions, often publicly, to influence the authorities or address specific issues.

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Global Solidarity

People from different countries and backgrounds coming together to support a shared cause, especially when it comes to helping developing nations.

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ATTAC

An organization that aims to counter the negative impacts of globalization and reduce the gap between developed and developing countries.

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Environmental Documents

Documents submitted to government committees by environmental organizations that highlight their concerns and propose solutions to environmental issues.

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EEC (European Economic Community)

The European Economic Community, formed in 1958, with the aim of promoting economic cooperation among its members.

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1970: Norway applies for EEC membership

The year Norway voted to apply for membership in the EEC, showcasing their initial interest in joining the organization.

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1972: Norway votes against EEC membership

The year a referendum was held in Norway, where the public voted against joining the EEC, showcasing a strong public opinion against membership.

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1972: Norway's Referendum result

The outcome of the 1972 referendum, with 53.5% of Norwegian voters rejecting membership in the EEC, highlighting a clear majority against joining.

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What is the EEC?

The European Economic Community (EEC) was the precursor to the European Union (EU). It focused on economic cooperation between European countries.

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What is the Maastricht Treaty?

The Maastricht Treaty officially established the European Union (EU) in 1991, expanding upon the EEC's goals to encompass political and social cooperation.

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What was the outcome of the 1994 Norwegian referendum?

Norway held a referendum on joining the EU in 1994. Despite government recommendations to vote 'yes,' the majority voted 'no,' indicating a preference for independence.

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How do demonstrations influence policy?

Publicly expressing opinions or demands for political or social change through gatherings and demonstrations is a powerful tool that can influence decision-making.

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What is lobbying?

Lobbying involves influencing decision-makers through direct communication and advocacy, often by organized groups or individuals with a specific interest.

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Alta-Kautokeino River Basin Expansion

The Norwegian Parliament's 1978 decision to expand the Alta-Kautokeino river basin to generate more electricity, significantly impacting the Sami people and their land and water rights.

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The Sami Movement

A group of Sami people organized to resist the Alta-Kautokeino dam construction project due to its impact on their culture, land, and water rights.

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Hunger Strike

A method of nonviolent resistance that involves refusing to eat to raise awareness and demand action for a cause.

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Alta Action

A mass demonstration in January 1981, where hundreds of protestors chained themselves to construction sites, demanding the protection of the Alta-Kautokeino river basin.

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Let the river live

The slogan "Let the river live" captured the essence of the Alta Action, advocating for the preservation of the Alta-Kautokeino river basin and its ecosystem.

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Civil Disobedience

Intentionally breaking laws or regulations using non-violent methods, believing it's morally right, despite potential consequences.

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The end justifies the means

A belief that the importance of a cause justifies any action taken to achieve it, even if those actions are morally questionable.

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Occupying a farm to prevent its demolition

Young people who believe renovating an abandoned farm would benefit homeless people, so they occupy the farm to prevent its demolition.

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Exposing illegal toxic waste storage

Environmental activists breaking into factories to expose hidden toxic waste, aiming to prevent soil and water contamination.

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Outcome-based morality

A belief or action that emphasizes the moral importance of the outcome, rather than the methods used to achieve it.

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Oslo Prime Minister's Office Occupation

A protest action where 14 Sámi women and a child occupied the Prime Minister's office in Oslo, Norway, in February 1981. Their aim was to halt the controversial Alta hydroelectric project and raise global awareness of Sámi rights.

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Finnmark Act

The Finnmark Act, passed in 2005, intended to protect Sámi land and water rights in Finnmark, Norway. It was a significant outcome resulting from the 1981 occupation of the Prime Minister's Office.

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Alta Hydroelectric Project

The Alta hydroelectric project was a major construction project in northern Norway, strongly opposed by the Sámi people who saw it as a threat to their culture and traditional lands.

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Women's Group from Máze (Masi)

This group, from the Máze (Masi) region, played an active role in the Sámi rights movement, advocating for their communities.

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Inger Anna Sara Goup

A prominent Sámi woman who participated in the movement, later travelling to meet the Pope to discuss Sámi rights and concerns.

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