Podcast
Questions and Answers
The word 'ethics' is etymologically linked to which concept?
The word 'ethics' is etymologically linked to which concept?
- Societal norms
- Technical skills
- Aesthetic beauty
- Customs and character (correct)
Which of the following best describes the relationship between 'ethics' and 'morals'?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between 'ethics' and 'morals'?
- Are only related in Roman culture
- They are used as equivalent terms. (correct)
- They are always contradictory.
- One focuses on the individual, while the other focuses on community.
The norms of morality are MOSTLY based on what a group considers...
The norms of morality are MOSTLY based on what a group considers...
- Economically viable.
- Good, right, or proper. (correct)
- Aesthetically pleasing
- Historically significant.
What is the primary focus of the technical norm within a community?
What is the primary focus of the technical norm within a community?
Which example best illustrates adherence to a societal norm?
Which example best illustrates adherence to a societal norm?
What is the main purpose of the aesthetic norm within a community?
What is the main purpose of the aesthetic norm within a community?
How does the moral norm influence a community's values and priorities?
How does the moral norm influence a community's values and priorities?
According to the passage, how do communities treat actions that align with the moral norm?
According to the passage, how do communities treat actions that align with the moral norm?
What distinguishes 'right' and 'wrong' from 'good' and 'bad' in a moral context?
What distinguishes 'right' and 'wrong' from 'good' and 'bad' in a moral context?
What does the term 'value' generally refer to?
What does the term 'value' generally refer to?
According to the passage, how is an individual initiated into the ethical or moral dimension of human existence?
According to the passage, how is an individual initiated into the ethical or moral dimension of human existence?
What transforms traditional moral life and experience into moral reflection or moral philosophy?
What transforms traditional moral life and experience into moral reflection or moral philosophy?
What is a key factor that prompts individuals to question inherited moral traditions?
What is a key factor that prompts individuals to question inherited moral traditions?
What does moral experience essentially signify, leading to the imperative of action?
What does moral experience essentially signify, leading to the imperative of action?
Why does the author claim the inherited ethical or moral tradition cannot remain purely 'traditional'?
Why does the author claim the inherited ethical or moral tradition cannot remain purely 'traditional'?
Which of the following norms directly relates to maintaining group cohesion and strengthening community bonds?
Which of the following norms directly relates to maintaining group cohesion and strengthening community bonds?
What is the role of 'value' in relation to human needs and desires?
What is the role of 'value' in relation to human needs and desires?
What is the eventual outcome of the 'psychological maturation' process?
What is the eventual outcome of the 'psychological maturation' process?
According to the passage, which term describes something a community cherishes and considers of ultimate worth, giving ultimate sense and direction to human existence?
According to the passage, which term describes something a community cherishes and considers of ultimate worth, giving ultimate sense and direction to human existence?
How does encountering other cultures impact moral traditions?
How does encountering other cultures impact moral traditions?
Flashcards
What is Ethics?
What is Ethics?
From the Greek word ethos, it means customs, usage, and character.
Define Ethics and Morals
Define Ethics and Morals
Traditional manners, customs, habits, or character of a community related to the group's standards, determining what is good, right, or proper.
What is the Technical Norm?
What is the Technical Norm?
A standard within a community's ethos related to human needs and bodily limitations, focusing on survival, health, and well-being.
What is the Societal Norm?
What is the Societal Norm?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the Aesthetic Norm?
What is the Aesthetic Norm?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the Ethical or Moral Norm?
What is the Ethical or Moral Norm?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Define Morality
Define Morality
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Value?
What is Value?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ethics Begins with Community
Ethics Begins with Community
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Moral Reflection?
What is Moral Reflection?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- "Ethics" comes from the Greek word ethos, meaning customs, usage, character.
- The Roman word mores has the same concept, which is the root of "morality," "moral," and "morals".
- "Ethics" and "morals" are ordinarily used as equivalent terms.
- They mean traditional manners, habits, or character of a community, pertaining to its standards/norms or "system of values”.
- Norms of Morality
- The concept of “proper” has various meanings.
- Inside ethos/mores of a community, there are different standards.
- At least four types of norms/standards exist within a community’s ethos/mores.
- The first is the technical norm, referring to needs from bodily/space-time limitations.
- The technical norm relates to man’s survival, health, and well-being.
- It’s concerned with problems of effecting change and transforming the natural world.
- It relates to coping with natural forces inside and outside the human organism.
- The technical norm is concerned with techniques of relating means to ends and of healing/health, work/production, and organization.
- Every community prescribes ways of working and doing things, due to survival and well-being.
- Community members are considered "good” if they're good workers, industrious, efficient, and productive.
- Members can be considered lazy, good-for-nothing, and inefficient.
- The second norm is the societal norm, which has to do with group cohesion and strengthening bonds.
- Manners/attire, ways of speaking/conducting oneself, and rituals/ceremonies are labeled "proper."
- These norms maintain and strengthen community bonds.
- Certain behaviors are proscribed for being unmindful/destructive to social relations.
- The third norm is the aesthetic norm.
- This refers to typical perceptual forms relating to color, shape, space, movement, sound, feeling, emotion, touch, texture, taste, scent, and odor in the natural/man-made environments.
- The community considers them "ennobling," "cathartic," "heightening man's existence," or "beautiful”.
- The norms represent a free play and celebration of the human spirit.
- The fourth norm is the ethical/moral norm in the stricter sense.
- The ethical/moral norm combines with religion to form the "ethico-religious" norm
- The moral norm refers to an ideal vision/stage/perfection of man as the ultimate goal/norm.
- Man and his actions are judged right/wrong and good/bad in relation to a moral norm.
- Communities have "nonnegotiables" due to an ideal vision of man.
- Nonnegotiables are the things the community cherishes/considers of ultimate worth, which give sense/direction to human existence.
- The other norms (technical, societal, aesthetic) should be subordinate to this moral norm.
- Definition of Morality
- Ethics/morality refers to the dimension of human existence where man confronts an ideal vision/state/goal.
- The ideal vision constitutes an exigency/demand, which orients action.
- The ideal vision is a fundamental norm where life/actions are judged right/wrong and good/bad.
- "Right and wrong" mean being in line with the norm.
- “Good and bad” are often equivalents of "right and wrong”.
- Right/wrong refer to what is morally binding/obligatory.
- A right action is what we ought to do/have done, and the wrong action is what we ought to refrain from.
- Good/bad connote conformity with the goal.
- Good/bad signify fulfillment, completion, and perfection.
- Some moral theories are "deontological" as they stress moral duty/obligation.
- Other theories are "teleological," as they emphasize morality as attaining man’s end, fulfillment, and happiness.
- The Concept of Value
- Related to the concepts of "ethics," "morality," "good/bad," and "right/wrong" is the concept of "value”.
- "Value" means what an individual/group deems useful, desirable, or significant.
- The "good" has an ontological bias toward what is objectively the goal/fulfillment of man’s being.
- The "right" has the connotation of obligation/duty.
- "Value" stresses the relation to some aspect of human subjectivity.
- Value corresponds with some need, desire, or yearning of the human subject.
- A thing is of value insofar as it responds to a human need, desire, or yearning.
- "Value" refers to the qualities that make a thing desirable/intrinsically desirable because it answers a human need.
- "Value" can be differentiated into senses/levels (material, societal, aesthetic, moral) corresponding to man’s different needs/yearnings.
- Value sometimes means what the human individual and group prescribe for the individual member as something to be desired.
- Value, particularly moral value, means what is intrinsically desirable for all men and groups.
- Ethos/mores indicate that the ethical/moral dimension of human existence is something man is initiated into by the community’s life/tradition.
- The individual imbibes the community’s culture (technical, societal, aesthetic, ethico-religious).
- As he grows up in the community, he is trained in basic skills and prepared for an occupation/profession.
- Societal rules and manners are taught through family and other groups/institutions.
- Aesthetic forms, tastes, and style are assimilated from the natural/social environment.
- Moral/religious traditions are imbibed throughout life.
- Ethics/morality doesn't begin as an idea/theory of a moral philosopher.
- Ethics/morality is a dimension of man's existence as a socio-historical being.
- Man being initiated into moral experience/life by the community may suggest ethics/morality is reducible to social/historical factors.
- Man is first initiated into moral experience/life by the community.
- Moral experience/life are part of the culture handed down to man by society/history.
- Moral Reflection
- Traditional moral life/experience (inherited as part of communal culture) leads to moral reflection/philosophy.
- Psychological maturation involves “making our own” the moral tradition that we inherit.
- We ask questions about moral principles/practices taught to us, in order to internalize the moral principles and practices.
- What were traditional ways and external moral precepts become convictions and reflected positions.
- The nature of ethical/moral experience leads to moral reflection.
- Moral experience signifies an absolute demand/obligation addressed to the human individual as a human person.
- Morality is the imperative of action, meaning an initiative originating from the individual himself.
- It's something that is his own and done on his own responsibility, implying reflection and freedom.
- In history, the community encounters other cultures and their moral/ethical traditions.
- Encountering other moral traditions questions moral tradition in relation to the other traditions.
- In brief, the ethical/moral traditions we inherit leads to a philosophical moment.
- The moral tradition we inherit cannot stay "traditional."
- We find ourselves reflecting upon moral traditions and its profound meaning.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
