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Questions and Answers
What is the primary power involved in the labor process?
What is the primary power involved in the labor process?
Which anatomical structures are considered part of the passage affecting normal labor?
Which anatomical structures are considered part of the passage affecting normal labor?
At what age do the anterior fontanelles typically close?
At what age do the anterior fontanelles typically close?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the process of normal labor?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the process of normal labor?
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What does the term 'increment' refer to in the context of contractions?
What does the term 'increment' refer to in the context of contractions?
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What is the average duration of a full-term pregnancy?
What is the average duration of a full-term pregnancy?
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Which of the following is true about premature labor?
Which of the following is true about premature labor?
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What distinguishes a nulliparous woman?
What distinguishes a nulliparous woman?
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Which stage of normal labor involves the mechanical expulsion of the fetus?
Which stage of normal labor involves the mechanical expulsion of the fetus?
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What is a characteristic of prolonged labor?
What is a characteristic of prolonged labor?
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Study Notes
Normal Labor
- Definitions: Terms related to labor
- Factors affecting normal labor: Factors that influence labor
- Causes of onset of labor: Triggers for labor
- Premonitory signs of labor: Early signs that labor is starting
- True signs of labor: Clear indications that labor has begun
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Stages of normal labor: The different phases of labor
- Mechanism & management of first stage: Details of the first stage of labor, and how it's managed
- Mechanism & management of second stage: Details of the second stage of labor, and how it's managed
- Mechanism & management of third stage: Details of the third stage of labor, and how it's managed
- Mechanism & management of fourth stage: Details of the fourth stage of labor, and how it's managed
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Terminology: Definitions of key terms
- Normal labor: Expulsion of a mature, viable fetus.
- Immature labor: Termination of pregnancy between 20 and 28 weeks.
- Gravida: Number of pregnancies
- Para: Number of pregnancies carried to viability and delivered
- Primigravida: Pregnant for the first time
- Multigravida: Pregnant more than once
- Viability: Ability to survive outside the womb (24+ weeks gestation)
Placental Separation
- Signs of placental separation
- Vaginal gush of blood
- Lengthening of cord
- Rise of fundal level above umbilicus.
- Uterus becomes globular, hard, mobile
- Average duration is 8 mins and varies from 20-30 mins.
Characteristics of Normal Labor:
- Fetus is born at full term
- Fetus is living
- Fetal presentation is by vertex
- The process of labor is completed spontaneously
- The process of labor is completed through normal passages
- The time of labor does not exceed 24 hours
Estimated Date of Birth (EDB):
- Calculation methods (Nagele's rule)
- First day of last menstrual period (LMP)
- Add 7 days
- Add 9 months
- Subtract 3 months
Factors Affecting Normal Labor (5 Ps):
- Power: Uterine contractions
- Passenger: Fetus (size, position)
- Passage: Pelvis (shape, size)
- Psyche: Woman's emotional state
- Position: Woman's posture
Stages of Labor
- First stage: Dilatation and effacement of cervix—the beginning of contractions.
- Second stage: Expulsion of fetus—cervix is dilated fully; fetal delivery
- Third stage: Expulsion of placenta—(Placental stage)—the delivery of the placenta
- Fourth stage: Postpartum period—recovery period immediately post-delivery of the infant
Differences Between Female and Male Pelvises:
- Detailed bone structure comparison
Fontanelles:
- Description of baby skull structures (Posterior and Anterior)
Labor Pains (True and False):
- Description of true and false labor pains
- Distinguishing characteristics
Differential Diagnosis of Labor Pains:
- Contractions: Frequency, intensity, duration
- Interval: Time between contractions
- Pain: Location, intensity
- Other symptoms
- Show
- Dilatation
- Position
- Enema (if present).
Symptoms of Dehydration:
- Dark Vomitus
- Ketone bodies in urine
- Irritability and restlessness
- Anxious expression
Nursing Management of Labor:
- Assessment of mother and fetus
- Management of complications
- Comfort and support for the mother
Management of the Fourth Stage of Labor:
- Postpartum care and complications.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of normal labor, including definitions, factors influencing labor onset, and the stages of labor. Understand the mechanisms and management strategies associated with each stage, as well as important terminology. This quiz will enhance your knowledge of the childbirth process.
