Normal Human Microbial Flora Quiz

Refers to the group of microorganisms that naturally inhabit a specific body part, like the skin, conjunctiva, oral cavity, or gastrointestinal tract.

A type of bacteria commonly found on the skin and often present in the conjunctiva, usually harmless.

The thin, transparent membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelid and covering the front part of the eyeball.

The mouth and the back of the throat, containing a diverse collection of bacteria.

A group of bacteria commonly found in the mouth, often associated with dental health.

The stomach, the first part of the digestive system, where food is mixed with gastric juices.

The first part of the small intestine, where the breakdown of food continues.

The last part of the small intestine, where nutrient absorption is significant.

The diverse community of microorganisms that live on and within the human body. This includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes.

The normal flora can help the host by competing for resources with pathogens, producing beneficial substances, and stimulating the immune system.

Factors like temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and nutrient availability influence the types of microbes that can thrive in a specific body region.

The process of how microbes take up residence in a specific body region, starting from birth and eventually leading to a stable population of microbes in adulthood.

Skin flora varies greatly depending on the microenvironment. Areas with more moisture and occlusion, like the armpits and toe webs, harbor more microbes than drier areas like the arms and legs.

The natural microbiota of the skin helps prevent colonization by harmful pathogens by producing antimicrobial substances and out-competing them for space and resources.

Areas of the skin with more moisture and occlusion tend to be more frequently colonized by Gram-negative bacteria, while drier areas have more Gram-positive microbes.

A non-pathogenic bacterium like Propionibacterium can become harmful if it becomes trapped in a hair follicle and multiplies rapidly, leading to inflammation and acne.

These are the primary bacteria found in the human colon. They are known for their anaerobic nature and crucial role in maintaining gut health.

These archaea, though present in the colon, are not as abundant as other bacteria. Their association with human gut flora is unique among archaea.

These diverse bacteria, found in the colon, aid in various processes, including bile acid conversion and vitamin K production.

A shift in the balance of bacteria in the colon, often caused by poor nutrition or antibiotics, can disrupt normal functioning and lead to gastrointestinal problems.

Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and alpha-hemolytic streptococci are commonly found on the skin and in the anterior urethra, typically not causing harm.

E. coli, Proteus, and corynebacteria, sometimes found in urine samples, are contaminants from the skin, vulva, or rectum. They are not considered normal residents of the urinary tract.

The vagina has a unique environment due to Lactobacillus acidophilus. This bacterium produces lactic acid, lowering the pH and inhibiting the growth of potentially harmful Candida albicans.

The vaginal flora is influenced by estrogen levels, particularly from puberty to menopause. Estrogen promotes glycogen production, used by Lactobacillus to produce lactic acid.