Nonoperative Fracture Management Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of nonoperative fracture management according to Canale & Beaty?

  • Achieve union in the best anatomical position (correct)
  • Promote rapid fracture healing
  • Require surgical intervention
  • Minimize functional return of the extremity

Which historical figure introduced the concept of continuous skin traction for fractures?

  • Sir H.O.
  • Paulus Aegineta
  • Imhotep
  • Dr. Josiah Crosby (correct)

What material was commonly used in the past for making casts?

  • Clay gum mixtures and flour (correct)
  • Fiberglass
  • Polyester
  • 3D Printed materials

Which type of cast is known as Plâtre coulé?

<p>Plaster of Paris cast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Charnley's philosophy, how should all fractures be treated?

<p>Nonoperatively (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of Plaster of Paris used in making casts?

<p>Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who popularized the efficacy of skin traction as early as 1848?

<p>Josiah Crosby (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of traction was used by Guy Chauliac in the treatment of femoral fractures?

<p>Isotonic traction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the first functional brace in 1767?

<p>Benjamin Gouch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment approach was illustrated in Paré's surgical text of 1564 for open limb fractures?

<p>Splintage and open care of the wound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method evolved to overcome the contraction of large thigh muscles during traction?

<p>Continuous Isometric Traction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Hamilton Russell recommend for femoral fractures in a flexed position?

<p>Isotonic traction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of functional casting or bracing?

<p>To promote early weight bearing after a fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment modality is NOT listed as a form of conservative adjuncts?

<p>Electrical Stimulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise from nonoperative management related to skin issues?

<p>Skin pressure necrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is early joint motion cautioned in post-injury or casting oedema?

<p>To reduce pain and muscle spasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In rehabilitation, what does 'CAST ON' primarily focus on?

<p>Isometric exercises of immobilized muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which systemic enhancement method is used as a conservative adjunct in fracture management?

<p>Parathyroid Hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect in the management of fractures according to the text?

<p>Adjuncts to optimum management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of fractures, what does having a low threshold to convert to operative management early suggest?

<p>Improved patient outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fractures are specific indications dependent on the bone involved, according to the text?

<p>Pathologic fractures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical aspect is briefly mentioned in the text related to fracture management?

<p>Introduction of modern traction methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the summary provided, what is considered crucial regardless of the treatment mode selected?

<p>Rehabilitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the year that XRays were developed by Wilhem Rontgen?

<p>1895 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involved the use of Malgaigne's hooks initially in the management of displaced patella fractures?

<p>Tongs applied to the femoral condyle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a disadvantage of non-operative fracture management?

<p>Shorter period of immobilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended age range where femur angulation up to 10° posteriorly is acceptable?

<p>6-10 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In skeletal traction, what is indicated for longer-term traction exceeding 1-2 weeks?

<p>Threaded pins or wires (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which site is NOT listed as a location for applying traction?

<p>Knee (distal femur) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical setting period in casting when interlocking crystals are formed, enhancing strength and rigidity?

<p>'Creamy thick' plaster to 'rubbery' plaster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'If a fracture slips in a well applied plaster...' according to John Charnley, what should be done?

<p>'...consider an alternative mechanical method' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'A and B, Bamboo functional bracing currently in use in Sri Lanka.' - What does 'A and B' refer to in functional casting or bracing?

<p>'Denhe and Sarmiento' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Resist Breakdown in water' is an advantage associated with which type of casting material?

<p>'Fibre Glass impregnated with Polyurethane resin' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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