33 Questions
What is the primary goal of nonoperative fracture management according to Canale & Beaty?
Achieve union in the best anatomical position
Which historical figure introduced the concept of continuous skin traction for fractures?
Dr. Josiah Crosby
What material was commonly used in the past for making casts?
Clay gum mixtures and flour
Which type of cast is known as Plâtre coulé?
Plaster of Paris cast
According to Charnley's philosophy, how should all fractures be treated?
Nonoperatively
What is the main component of Plaster of Paris used in making casts?
Calcium sulfate hemihydrate
Who popularized the efficacy of skin traction as early as 1848?
Josiah Crosby
Which type of traction was used by Guy Chauliac in the treatment of femoral fractures?
Isotonic traction
Who developed the first functional brace in 1767?
Benjamin Gouch
What treatment approach was illustrated in Paré's surgical text of 1564 for open limb fractures?
Splintage and open care of the wound
Which method evolved to overcome the contraction of large thigh muscles during traction?
Continuous Isometric Traction
What did Hamilton Russell recommend for femoral fractures in a flexed position?
Isotonic traction
What is the purpose of functional casting or bracing?
To promote early weight bearing after a fracture
Which treatment modality is NOT listed as a form of conservative adjuncts?
Electrical Stimulation
What complication can arise from nonoperative management related to skin issues?
Skin pressure necrosis
Why is early joint motion cautioned in post-injury or casting oedema?
To reduce pain and muscle spasm
In rehabilitation, what does 'CAST ON' primarily focus on?
Isometric exercises of immobilized muscles
Which systemic enhancement method is used as a conservative adjunct in fracture management?
Parathyroid Hormones
What is a key aspect in the management of fractures according to the text?
Adjuncts to optimum management
In the context of fractures, what does having a low threshold to convert to operative management early suggest?
Improved patient outcomes
Which type of fractures are specific indications dependent on the bone involved, according to the text?
Pathologic fractures
What historical aspect is briefly mentioned in the text related to fracture management?
Introduction of modern traction methods
According to the summary provided, what is considered crucial regardless of the treatment mode selected?
Rehabilitation
What was the year that XRays were developed by Wilhem Rontgen?
1895
Which technique involved the use of Malgaigne's hooks initially in the management of displaced patella fractures?
Tongs applied to the femoral condyle
Which of the following is NOT listed as a disadvantage of non-operative fracture management?
Shorter period of immobilization
What is the recommended age range where femur angulation up to 10° posteriorly is acceptable?
6-10 years
In skeletal traction, what is indicated for longer-term traction exceeding 1-2 weeks?
Threaded pins or wires
Which site is NOT listed as a location for applying traction?
Knee (distal femur)
What is the critical setting period in casting when interlocking crystals are formed, enhancing strength and rigidity?
'Creamy thick' plaster to 'rubbery' plaster
'If a fracture slips in a well applied plaster...' according to John Charnley, what should be done?
'...consider an alternative mechanical method'
'A and B, Bamboo functional bracing currently in use in Sri Lanka.' - What does 'A and B' refer to in functional casting or bracing?
'Denhe and Sarmiento'
'Resist Breakdown in water' is an advantage associated with which type of casting material?
'Fibre Glass impregnated with Polyurethane resin'
Learn about the definition and philosophy of non-operative fracture management, focusing on promoting fracture healing and achieving union in the best anatomical position for maximal functional return. Explore the use of casts and plaster of paris in fracture management.
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