Non-Random Mating: Types and Effects

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

In the context of sexual selection, what is the key difference between the 'good genes' and 'good resources' hypotheses?

The 'good genes' hypothesis suggests females choose males based on traits indicative of genetic quality, while 'good resources' focuses on material benefits directly impacting offspring. (correct)
The 'good genes' hypothesis focuses on direct benefits like food, while 'good resources' emphasizes indirect benefits through offspring health.
The 'good genes' hypothesis applies only to species with high levels of inbreeding, while 'good resources' is relevant in outbreeding populations.
The 'good genes' hypothesis explains exaggerated male traits, while 'good resources' explains female mate choice.

Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates intrasexual selection?

Male elephant seals engaging in fierce battles for dominance, with the victor gaining access to a harem of females. (correct)
Female hummingbirds selecting mates based on the length and brightness of their iridescent plumage.
Female zebra finches choosing males with brighter colors due to the association of carotenoids with a strong immune system.
Male balloon flies providing nuptial gifts to females to secure mating opportunities.

How does negative assortative mating differ from positive assortative mating?

Negative assortative mating increases genetic diversity, while positive assortative mating decreases it. (correct)
Negative assortative mating occurs only in plants, while positive assortative mating occurs only in animals.
Negative assortative mating is a type of inbreeding, while positive assortative mating is a type of outbreeding.
Negative assortative mating involves individuals choosing mates based on similarity, while positive assortative mating involves choosing mates based on dissimilarity.

What is the likely effect of inbreeding on a population's genetic diversity and fitness?

<p>Decreased genetic diversity and decreased fitness due to the increased expression of harmful recessive alleles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of alternative mating strategies, which of the following BEST describes the 'subterfuge' tactic observed in some species?

<p>Males mimicking female characteristics to gain access to mating opportunities they would otherwise be denied. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary evolutionary consequence when females consistently choose mates with specific exaggerated traits?

<p>The continued exaggeration of the trait in males, potentially leading to a runaway process and increased costs to male survival. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sperm competition influence male reproductive strategies?

<p>It promotes the evolution of larger ejaculate volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sex-role reversal, what is the characteristic that MOST distinguishes the sex that provides more parental care?

<p>They are more likely to be the choosier sex when selecting a mate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between obligate and facultative brood parasites?

<p>Obligate brood parasites always rely on other species to raise their young, while facultative brood parasites can raise their own young under certain conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'payoffs' relate to the variability in fitness observed within a population, such as among red deer?

<p>Payoffs are the net benefits and costs associated with a particular strategy, leading to some individuals achieving higher fitness than others due to variable success. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>=</h1> <h1>=</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Inbreeding definition

Production of offspring from closely related individuals potentially causing low survival chances.

Inbreeding depression

Reduced biological fitness due to the mating of related individuals.