Non-Probability Sampling Methods Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between probability and non-probability sampling?

Non-probability sampling does not involve random selection, while probability sampling does. Non-probability samples cannot rely on probability theory, making it difficult to estimate how well the sample represents the population.

Which of the following are types of non-probability sampling methods? (Select all that apply)

  • Accidental Sampling (correct)
  • Simple Random Sampling
  • Purposive Sampling (correct)
  • Systematic Sampling

Define Accidental, Haphazard, or Convenience Sampling.

This type of sampling is based on obtaining a sample of people who are conveniently available, such as through television interviews or volunteers.

What is Purposive Sampling?

<p>Purposive Sampling involves selecting a sample based on specific criteria and knowledge of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are types of purposive sampling? (Select all that apply)

<p>Snowball Sampling (A), Modal Instance Sampling (B), Expert Sampling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Modal Instance Sampling?

<p>Modal Instance Sampling focuses on interviewing a 'typical' or 'modal' case, often based on average characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What involves Expert Sampling?

<p>Expert Sampling involves assembling a sample of individuals with demonstrable experience and expertise in a particular area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In quota sampling, you select people ______.

<p>nonrandomly</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Non-Probability Sampling Overview

  • Non-probability sampling lacks random selection, making representation of the population uncertain.
  • Probability sampling allows estimation of confidence intervals and better represents the population.
  • Researchers prefer probability sampling for accuracy, although non-probability methods may be necessary in certain situations.

Types of Non-Probability Sampling Methods

  • Two primary methods: Accidental (Convenience) Sampling and Purposive Sampling.
  • Purposive sampling aligns with specific objectives, addressing the sampling problem with a targeted plan.

Accidental, Haphazard or Convenience Sampling

  • Commonly used in informal surveys, like television polls, to gauge public opinion quickly.
  • Involves sampling available clients or asking for volunteers, lacking evidence of representativeness.
  • Generalizations from such samples should be made cautiously due to potential bias.

Purposive Sampling

  • Involves selecting a sample with specific intent and predefined groups in mind.
  • Example: Interviewing specific demographics like Caucasian females aged 30-40 in public spaces.
  • Provides access to targeted opinions but may skew results towards more accessible subgroups.
  • Effective for studying cases outside regular patterns of behavior and attitudes.

Types of Purposive Sampling

  • Modal Instance Sampling
  • Expert Sampling
  • Quota Sampling
  • Heterogeneity Sampling
  • Snowball Sampling
  • Focuses on the "typical" or modal case in a population, such as the average voter in polls.
  • Challenges include defining what constitutes a modal case accurately, particularly in skewed distributions.

Expert Sampling

  • Involves selecting individuals with recognized expertise in a specific area.
  • Used to validate other sampling approaches, like modal instance sampling.
  • Experts can still make mistakes, emphasizing the need for critical assessment of their insights.

Quota Sampling

  • Participants are selected based on specific characteristics to meet predetermined quotas.
  • Non-random selection may lead to bias, as the sample may not accurately reflect the broader population.

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