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Non-Polar Amino Acids Quiz
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Non-Polar Amino Acids Quiz

Created by
@BetterKnownRosemary

Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is true about polar acidic amino acids?

  • They contain only one amino group.
  • They have a positive charge at physiological pH.
  • They contain two carboxyl groups. (correct)
  • They are hydrophobic at physiological pH.

    • All polar neutral amino acids are water-fearing.

    False

    Name two polar acidic amino acids.

    Aspartic acid and glutamic acid

    A non-polar amino acid is characterized by a ________ side chain.

    <p>non-polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are categorized as polar basic?

    <p>Lysine, arginine, histidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At physiological pH, polar basic amino acids have a negative charge.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many polar neutral amino acids are there?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the amino acid type with its correct characteristic:

    <p>Non-Polar = Hydrophobic in nature Polar Acidic = Contains two carboxyl groups Polar Basic = Contains two amino groups Polar Neutral = Neither basic nor acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein does not contain adequate amounts of essential amino acids?

    <p>Incomplete Dietary Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycine is the only standard amino acid that is chiral.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call an essential amino acid that is missing or present in inadequate amounts in a protein?

    <p>Limiting Amino Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most animal proteins are considered __________ proteins because they contain all essential amino acids.

    <p>complete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dietary protein combines two or more incomplete proteins to provide adequate essential amino acids?

    <p>Complementary Dietary Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each type of protein to its description:

    <p>Complete Dietary Protein = Contains all essential amino acids Incomplete Dietary Protein = Lacks one or more essential amino acids Limiting Amino Acid = Essential amino acid missing or inadequate Complementary Dietary Proteins = Combines to provide complete amino acid profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All standard amino acids are derived from a specific chirality.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one complete source of dietary protein.

    <p>Meat, fish, eggs, or casein from milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the zwitterion in an acidic environment?

    <p>It gains a proton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cysteine can dimerize in the presence of strong oxidizing agents.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the isomeric forms of amino acids in Fischer projections?

    <p>The position of the amino group (NH2); left for L isomer, right for D isomer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A molecule that has both a positive and negative charge but no net charge is called a __________.

    <p>zwitterion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the amino acids with their characteristics:

    <p>Cysteine = Contains a sulfhydryl group Glutamine = Amide side chain Aspartic acid = Contains a carboxyl group Lysine = Basic amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the isoelectric point?

    <p>The pH at which amino acids exist as zwitterions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most amino acids are highly soluble in water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bond links two cysteine residues?

    <p>Covalent disulfide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protein contains multiple peptide chains?

    <p>Multimeric Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A simple protein contains only amino acid residues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the C-terminal end of a peptide chain characterized by?

    <p>Free COO group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A peptide bond is formed between the _____ group of one amino acid and the _____ group of another amino acid.

    <p>carboxyl, amino</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a rule in peptide nomenclature?

    <p>Amino acids are named starting from the C-terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of proteins with their descriptions:

    <p>Monomeric Protein = Contains only one peptide chain Conjugated Protein = Contains non-amino acid entities Simple Protein = Contains only amino acid residues Multimeric Protein = Contains multiple peptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemoglobin is an example of a simple protein.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the suffix used for all amino acid residues except for tryptophan, cysteine, glutamine, and asparagine in peptide nomenclature.

    <p>-yl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein includes a carbohydrate group?

    <p>Glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary structure of a protein can vary depending on its location in the organism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of bond is formed between the -SH groups of two cysteine residues?

    <p>Disulfide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The arrangement in space adopted by the protein backbone is known as the ________ structure.

    <p>secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of protein with its characteristic component:

    <p>Glycoproteins = Carbohydrate group Phosphoproteins = Phosphate group Nucleoproteins = Nucleic Acid Metalloproteins = Metal Ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protein is responsible for carrying oxygen in our blood?

    <p>Metalloproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrophobic attractions involve polar side chains coming together.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of a metalloprotein.

    <p>Ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Non-Polar Amino Acids

    • Contain one amine group, one carboxyl group, and a non-polar side chain.
    • When incorporated into proteins, they exhibit hydrophobic properties.

    Polar Acidic Amino Acids

    • Contain one amino group and two carboxyl groups; one carboxyl is part of the side chain.
    • At physiological pH, the side chain carries a negative charge.
    • Examples: aspartic acid and glutamic acid.

    Polar Basic Amino Acids

    • Feature two amino groups and one carboxyl group, with the second amino group in the side chain.
    • The side chains are positively charged at physiological pH due to proton acceptance.
    • Examples: lysine, arginine, and histidine.

    Polar Neutral Amino Acids

    • Comprise one amino group, one carboxyl group, and a polar but neutral side chain.
    • These amino acids are more soluble in water than nonpolar amino acids.
    • There are six polar neutral amino acids.

    Incomplete Dietary Protein

    • Lacks sufficient essential amino acids to meet the body's requirements.

    Limiting Amino Acids

    • Essential amino acids that are deficient or absent in an incomplete dietary protein.

    Essential Amino Acids

    • Must be obtained through diet; the body cannot synthesize these amino acids.

    Chiral Amino Acids

    • All standard amino acids except glycine are chiral, having four different groups attached to the α-carbon.

    Complete Dietary Protein

    • Contains all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities.
    • Most animal proteins, including casein, meats, fish, and eggs, are complete proteins.

    Fischer Projection

    • The carboxyl group is placed at the top with the R group at the bottom.
    • Horizontal position of the amino group indicates L- or D-isomer.

    Isoelectric Points

    • The pH at which amino acids exist primarily in zwitterion form, carrying no net charge.

    Cysteine

    • Contains a sulfhydryl group in its side chain.
    • Can form covalent disulfide bonds with other cysteine residues.

    Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids

    • Typically white crystalline solids with high decomposition points.
    • Generally low solubility in water.

    Zwitterion

    • A molecule with both positive and negative charges, net charge equals zero.
    • Changes in pH affect the zwitterionic form of amino acids.

    Peptide Bond

    • Covalent bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.
    • Backbone consists of repeating peptide bonds and α-carbon groups.

    Protein Classification

    • Monomeric Protein: Contains only one peptide chain.
    • Multimeric Protein: Contains multiple peptide chains.
    • Simple Protein: Consists solely of amino acid residues.
    • Conjugated Protein: Contains additional non-amino acid components.

    Peptide Nomenclature

    • C-terminal amino acid retains full name, others use -yl suffix.
    • Naming starts from the N-terminal amino acid.

    General Structural Characteristics of Proteins

    • Primary Structure: Sequence of amino acids; linked by peptide bonds.
    • Secondary Structure: Spatial arrangement adopted by the backbone.
    • Tertiary Structure: Overall shape formed by further folding.

    Interactions Responsible for Tertiary Structure

    • Covalent Disulfide Bonds: Strongest interactions formed between cysteine residues.
    • Electrostatic Attractions: Occur between oppositely charged side chains.
    • Hydrogen Bonds: Formed between polar R groups.
    • Hydrophobic Attractions: Occur between nonpolar side chains bringing them together.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on non-polar amino acids, their structure, and properties. This quiz covers crucial concepts related to amino acids with hydrophobic side chains and their functions in proteins. Perfect for students studying biochemistry or molecular biology.

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