Non-Metal Oxides and Chemical Reactions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of shells of marine organisms, snails, pearls, oysters, and bird eggshells?

  • Calcium nitrate
  • Calcium oxide
  • Calcium hydroxide
  • Calcium carbonate (correct)

    • What is the purpose of adding agricultural lime to soil?

  • To decrease the pH level of the soil
  • To remove calcium from the soil
  • To increase the pH level of the soil
  • To neutralize acidic soil and provide calcium for plant growth (correct)

    • What is produced as a gas during the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium?

  • Hydrogen gas (correct)
  • Oxygen gas
  • Nitrogen gas
  • Helium gas

    • What is the role of a chemist in a laboratory setting?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general word equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal?

    <p>Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium?

    <p>2HCl + Mg → MgCl₂ + H₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is liming?

    <p>The process of adding lime to soil to neutralize acidic soil and provide calcium for plant growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a thistle funnel in the investigation of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium?

    <p>To funnel the acid into the test tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the observation of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium?

    <p>Bubbles form, indicating the production of a gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do chemists typically work?

    <p>In various settings, including laboratories, research institutions, universities, and industrial settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compounds are formed when non-metals react with oxygen?

    <p>Non-metal oxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of writing chemical equations?

    <p>To balance the reaction to reflect the conservation of mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of IUPAC rules in naming non-metal oxides?

    <p>To ensure the compound has a unique name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH value a measure of?

    <p>The measurement of acidity or basicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are indicators used for?

    <p>To show whether a solution is acidic or basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen?

    <p>Nitrogen dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an acid in terms of taste?

    <p>Taste sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a base?

    <p>Bicarbonate of soda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH value of a neutral substance?

    <p>Equal to 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pH scale measure?

    <p>The acidity or basicity of a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when an acid and a base react to form a neutral solution?

    <p>Neutralisation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an indicator in measuring pH?

    <p>To show whether a substance is acid or base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of strong acids?

    <p>pH 1-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mixing an acid and a base?

    <p>The acid and base neutralise each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of a neutralisation reaction?

    <p>Water and salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the universal indicator?

    <p>To measure the pH of a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a base?

    <p>acid + base → salt + water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acids is NOT a common laboratory acid?

    <p>Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of metal oxides in water?

    <p>pH &gt; 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?

    <p>A salt and water are formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a non-metal oxide?

    <p>CO₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for the reaction of an acid with a metal hydroxide?

    <p>acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Sodium chloride and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acid rain?

    <p>A type of pollution caused by the reaction of non-metal oxides with rainwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the universal indicator paper in the experiment?

    <p>To observe the pH changes during the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general word equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide?

    <p>acid + metal oxide → salt + water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gas produced in the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in writing a reaction equation?

    <p>Calculate the pH of the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between a non-metal oxide and water?

    <p>An acid is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for the reaction of an acid with a metal carbonate?

    <p>acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide?

    <p>acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reactants in the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Calcium chloride and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the metal hydroxide in the reaction with an acid?

    <p>It acts as a reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of balancing the chemical equation?

    <p>To ensure the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs between an acid and a metal carbonate?

    <p>Neutralization reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a pharmacist's work?

    <p>The application of medications in healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do pharmacists typically work?

    <p>Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics, and healthcare facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between a pharmacist and a chemist?

    <p>Their focus on research versus application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of a pharmacist?

    <p>Dispensing medications and providing patient counseling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for becoming a pharmacist?

    <p>A degree in pharmacy and a healthcare license</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Non-Metal Oxides

    • Formed when non-metals react with oxygen
    • Not all non-metal oxides are dioxides (e.g., phosphorus pentoxide and water)

    Important Points

    • Systematic names follow IUPAC rules for consistency and clarity
    • Chemical equations must be balanced to reflect the conservation of mass

    Practice

    • Word equation for the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide:
      • Nitrogen + oxygen → nitrogen dioxide
    • Chemical equation for the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen:
      • N₂ + 2O₂ → 2NO₂

    pH Value

    Key Concepts

    • Acids and bases: characteristics and classifications
    • pH value: measurement of acidity or basicity
    • Indicators: substances that show whether a solution is acidic or basic

    Characteristics of Acids and Bases

    • Acids:
      • Taste sour
      • Feel rough between fingers
      • Can be corrosive
      • Can make bases lose their basic character
      • Turn blue litmus red
    • Bases:
      • Taste bitter
      • Feel slippery between fingers
      • Can be corrosive
      • Can make acids lose their acidic character
      • Turn red litmus blue

    Examples of Acids, Bases, and Neutral Substances

    • Acids: orange juice, vinegar, lemon juice, citric acid, gastric acid (stomach acid)
    • Bases: bicarbonate of soda, soaps, bleach, ammonia solution
    • Neutral substances: water, table salt solution, cooking oil

    Indicators

    • Substances that show whether a solution is acidic or basic
    • Examples: litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange

    Measuring Acidity and Basicity

    • pH scale: measures the acidity of a substance, ranging from 1 to 14
    • pH values:
      • Acidic: below 7
      • Basic: above 7
      • Neutral: equal to 7
    • pH origin: term "pH" was first described by Danish biochemist Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen in 1909
    • pH in everyday life:
      • Shampoo: pH balanced
      • Skin soap: neutral pH
      • Swimming pool water: controlled pH

    pH Example

    • Lemon juice: more sour than orange juice, lower pH
    • Swimming pool water: controlled pH for safe use

    Diagram of pH Scale

    • Acids: pH 1 to pH 6.9
    • Neutral: pH 7
    • Bases: pH 7.1 to pH 14

    Understanding pH

    • Stronger acids: closer to pH 1
    • Stronger bases: closer to pH 14
    • Measuring pH: using indicators

    Neutralisation and pH

    • pH scale: measures how acidic or basic a substance is
    • Acids: pH < 7 (stronger acids have lower pH)
    • Bases: pH > 7 (stronger bases have higher pH)
    • Neutral: pH = 7
    • Neutralisation reaction: acid + base → salt + water

    Universal Indicator

    • Used to measure pH of a solution by changing colors corresponding to pH scale

    Experiment: Mixing Vinegar and Baking Soda

    • Materials: vinegar, baking soda, universal indicator paper
    • Procedure: mix each solution with universal indicator paper and observe color change
    • Observation:
      • Vinegar (acid): low pH, turns indicator red/orange
      • Baking soda (base): high pH, turns indicator blue/green

    Neutralisation Reaction

    • Acid + base → salt + water
    • Example 1: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
    • Example 2: 2HCl + MgO → MgCl₂ + H₂O
    • General equation: acid + base → salt + water

    Laboratory Acids and Safety

    • Common laboratory acids: hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO₃), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
    • Safety: handle with care, corrosive and hazardous

    Non-Metal Oxides Forming Acids

    • Non-metal oxides dissolve in water to form acids
    • Examples:
      • CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ (carbonic acid)
      • SO₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₃ (sulfurous acid)
    • Acid rain: formed when non-metal oxides (e.g., CO₂, SO₂) dissolve in rainwater, causing acidic solutions

    Metal Oxides, Hydroxides, and Carbonates Forming Bases

    • Metal oxides: form basic solutions
    • Metal hydroxides: form basic solutions
    • Metal carbonates: form basic solutions
    • pH of metal compounds in water: typically basic solutions with pH > 7

    Reaction of an Acid with a Metal Oxide

    • General equation: acid + metal oxide → salt + water
    • Example: reaction of magnesium oxide with hydrochloric acid
      • HCl + MgO → MgCl₂ + H₂O
    • Steps to write reaction equations:
      1. Identify reactants (acid and metal oxide)
      2. Combine reactants to predict products (salt and water)
      3. Balance chemical equation to ensure equal atoms on both sides

    Reaction of an Acid with a Metal Hydroxide

    • General equation: acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water
    • Example: reaction of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid
      • HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
    • Steps to write reaction equations:
      1. Identify reactants (acid and metal hydroxide)
      2. Combine reactants to predict products (salt and water)
      3. Balance chemical equation to ensure equal atoms on both sides

    Reaction of an Acid with a Metal Carbonate

    • General equation: acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
    • Example: reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid
      • HCl + CaCO₃ → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂
    • Applications of calcium carbonate:
      • Geological formations (limestone, chalk, marble)
      • Biological sources (shells, snails, pearls, oysters, bird eggshells)
      • Dietary sources (dark green leafy vegetables, calcium supplements)
      • Industrial applications (construction, adhesives, paints, ceramics, swimming pools)
      • Agricultural use (liming, neutralizing acidic soil)

    Reaction of an Acid with a Metal

    • General equation: acid + metal → salt + hydrogen gas
    • Example: reaction of hydrochloric acid with magnesium
      • HCl + Mg → MgCl₂ + H₂
    • Steps to write reaction equations:
      1. Identify reactants (acid and metal)
      2. Combine reactants to predict products (salt and hydrogen gas)
      3. Balance chemical equation to ensure equal atoms on both sides

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    Description

    This quiz covers the formation and properties of non-metal oxides, as well as the rules for writing systematic names and balanced chemical equations.

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