Non-Fatal Offences in Criminal Law

Non-Fatal Offences in Criminal Law

Assault

• Definition: An intentional or reckless act that causes another person to fear immediate and unlawful violence
• Can be committed by words or actions
• No physical contact necessary
• Intent to cause fear or apprehension is sufficient
• Can be committed through omission (e.g., failing to act to prevent harm)

Battery

• Definition: The unlawful application of force to another person
• Can be committed with or without intent to cause harm
• Physical contact is necessary (can be slight, e.g., touching or pushing)
• Can be committed through direct or indirect force (e.g., throwing an object)
• Can be committed in public or private places

Harassment

• Definition: A course of conduct that amounts to harassment of another person
• Can take many forms, including verbal, physical, or written communication
• Intent to cause alarm, distress, or anxiety is required
• Can be committed through repeated acts or a single, severe incident
• Can be committed in person, online, or through other forms of communication

Actual Bodily Harm (ABH)

• Definition: The infliction of harm that interferes with the health or comfort of another person
• Requires proof of physical harm, but not necessarily permanent injury
• Can be committed through assault or battery
• Can be committed recklessly or intentionally
• ABH is a more serious offence than common assault or battery