Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are some examples of chronic noncommunicable diseases? (Select all that apply)
What are some examples of chronic noncommunicable diseases? (Select all that apply)
Which factors contribute to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases globally? (Select all that apply)
Which factors contribute to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases globally? (Select all that apply)
What are some modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases?
What are some modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases?
Unhealthy diet, Tobacco and alcohol use, Sedentary lifestyle
Noncommunicable diseases can be associated with aging. True or False?
Noncommunicable diseases can be associated with aging. True or False?
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Chronic diseases are increasing in prevalence worldwide due to demographic transition and ______ transition.
Chronic diseases are increasing in prevalence worldwide due to demographic transition and ______ transition.
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What are the main types of chronic diseases mentioned in the document?
What are the main types of chronic diseases mentioned in the document?
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Chronic diseases are associated with aging. True or False?
Chronic diseases are associated with aging. True or False?
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What are the behavioral modifiable risk factors mentioned for non-communicable diseases?
What are the behavioral modifiable risk factors mentioned for non-communicable diseases?
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___% of Egyptians eat less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day.
___% of Egyptians eat less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day.
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Match the following stages of prevention and control of non-communicable diseases with their descriptions:
Match the following stages of prevention and control of non-communicable diseases with their descriptions:
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What is the estimated percentage of deaths in Egypt attributed to non-communicable diseases?
What is the estimated percentage of deaths in Egypt attributed to non-communicable diseases?
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Study Notes
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)
- Chronic diseases of long duration and slow progression
- Types of chronic diseases:
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Cancers
- Chronic respiratory diseases
- Metabolic disorders
Epidemiology of NCDs
- Increasing prevalence worldwide due to:
- Demographic transition (increased life expectancy and aging population)
- Epidemiologic transition (decreased mortality from communicable diseases due to immunizations and antibiotics)
- Nutrition transition (changes in dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyle)
- Multifactorial nature of risk factors (difficult to determine causes and prevent)
- Migration of population across different cultures (high risk cultures)
- International communication (modernization, international business, and new food technologies)
- Environmental changes (air pollution)
- Different epidemiology of NCDs across countries (presence of well-developed surveillance systems)
- Changing epidemiology over time (novel risk factors emerge)
- Limited use of scientific progress in management of NCDs due to high cost (especially in developing countries)
Risk Factors of NCDs
- Modifiable factors:
- Unhealthy diet
- Tobacco and alcohol use
- Sedentary life
- Non-modifiable factors:
- Age
- Sex
- Genetics
- Ethnicity and personality type
- Metabolic and psychological factors:
- Raised blood pressure
- Overweight and obesity
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperlipidemia
Burden of NCDs in Egypt
- NCDs morbidity:
- Two-thirds are overweight
- One-third are obese
- 40% are hypertensive
- 37% have high cholesterol levels
- Risk factors for NCDs in Egypt:
- Dietary pattern: 95% eat less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day
- Tobacco use: one-quarter are smoking
- Sedentary life: three-quarters don't engage in vigorous activity or sports, and only one-third of adults perform low-level physical activity
- Mortality from NCDs:
- NCDs account for 82% of all deaths in Egypt and 67% of premature deaths (WHO 2022)
- Risk factors for mortality from NCDs in Egypt:
- 24% prevalence of smoking and growing use of shisha tobacco
- One of the most overweight populations in the world (66% of women overweight and 42% obese)
- Almost three-quarters of the population not involved in vigorous activity
- 17% prevalence of diabetes
- 40% prevalence of hypertension
- Egyptians have an average daily salt intake of 9 grams, nearly double the recommended allowance
Prevention and Control of NCDs
- Primordial prevention: health education
- Primary prevention: health promotion and specific protection
- Secondary prevention: early detection and treatment
- Tertiary prevention: disability limitation and rehabilitation
- Quaternary prevention: set of activities to mitigate or avoid the consequences of unnecessary intervention of health system
Egypt Strategies to Mitigate NCDs
- Establishment of an NCD Unit within the MoHP
- Raising tobacco taxes and reducing salt and replacing trans fat in the Egyptian diet
- Integrating NCD prevention, early detection, and management services to the primary health care level
Role of Primary Health Care
- Health education to improve lifestyle
- Nutrition education
- Identify high-risk groups
- Health screening of risk groups for early detection of NCDs
- Referral to specialist for treatment
- Follow-up to ensure compliance
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)
- Chronic diseases of long duration and slow progression
- Types of chronic diseases:
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Cancers
- Chronic respiratory diseases
- Metabolic disorders
Epidemiology of NCDs
- Increasing prevalence worldwide due to:
- Demographic transition (increased life expectancy and aging population)
- Epidemiologic transition (decreased mortality from communicable diseases due to immunizations and antibiotics)
- Nutrition transition (changes in dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyle)
- Multifactorial nature of risk factors (difficult to determine causes and prevent)
- Migration of population across different cultures (high risk cultures)
- International communication (modernization, international business, and new food technologies)
- Environmental changes (air pollution)
- Different epidemiology of NCDs across countries (presence of well-developed surveillance systems)
- Changing epidemiology over time (novel risk factors emerge)
- Limited use of scientific progress in management of NCDs due to high cost (especially in developing countries)
Risk Factors of NCDs
- Modifiable factors:
- Unhealthy diet
- Tobacco and alcohol use
- Sedentary life
- Non-modifiable factors:
- Age
- Sex
- Genetics
- Ethnicity and personality type
- Metabolic and psychological factors:
- Raised blood pressure
- Overweight and obesity
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperlipidemia
Burden of NCDs in Egypt
- NCDs morbidity:
- Two-thirds are overweight
- One-third are obese
- 40% are hypertensive
- 37% have high cholesterol levels
- Risk factors for NCDs in Egypt:
- Dietary pattern: 95% eat less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day
- Tobacco use: one-quarter are smoking
- Sedentary life: three-quarters don't engage in vigorous activity or sports, and only one-third of adults perform low-level physical activity
- Mortality from NCDs:
- NCDs account for 82% of all deaths in Egypt and 67% of premature deaths (WHO 2022)
- Risk factors for mortality from NCDs in Egypt:
- 24% prevalence of smoking and growing use of shisha tobacco
- One of the most overweight populations in the world (66% of women overweight and 42% obese)
- Almost three-quarters of the population not involved in vigorous activity
- 17% prevalence of diabetes
- 40% prevalence of hypertension
- Egyptians have an average daily salt intake of 9 grams, nearly double the recommended allowance
Prevention and Control of NCDs
- Primordial prevention: health education
- Primary prevention: health promotion and specific protection
- Secondary prevention: early detection and treatment
- Tertiary prevention: disability limitation and rehabilitation
- Quaternary prevention: set of activities to mitigate or avoid the consequences of unnecessary intervention of health system
Egypt Strategies to Mitigate NCDs
- Establishment of an NCD Unit within the MoHP
- Raising tobacco taxes and reducing salt and replacing trans fat in the Egyptian diet
- Integrating NCD prevention, early detection, and management services to the primary health care level
Role of Primary Health Care
- Health education to improve lifestyle
- Nutrition education
- Identify high-risk groups
- Health screening of risk groups for early detection of NCDs
- Referral to specialist for treatment
- Follow-up to ensure compliance
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Description
Learn about the definition, types, and epidemiology of non-communicable diseases, including chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders. Discover the factors contributing to their increasing prevalence worldwide.
