Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Homeostasis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where is fructose and galactose converted to glucose?

  • Small intestine
  • Liver (correct)
  • Pancreas
  • Stomach
  • Which simple sugar binds with glucose to form lactose?

  • Sucrose
  • Ribose
  • Maltose
  • Galactose (correct)
  • What process converts monosaccharides to disaccharides?

  • Hydrolysis
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
  • Glycolysis
  • Dehydration Synthesis (correct)
  • Which monosaccharide is primarily utilized by the liver and converted into glucose?

    <p>Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for simple sugars?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Milk sugar" is a disaccharide made up of which two monosaccharides?

    <p>Glucose + Galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is starch primarily stored in plants?

    <p>Grains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage form of glucose in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme breaks down starch into maltose in the pancreas?

    <p>Alpha-Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the digestion of starch start in the body?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells line the intestine and are responsible for absorbing nutrients?

    <p>Enterocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a malabsorption syndrome related to carbohydrate digestion?

    <p>Celiac Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased retention of water in the colon?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of Lactose Intolerance when lactose is consumed?

    <p>Flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fiber type adds bulk to stool and promotes movement through the digestive tract?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for swollen blood vessels in the anal/rectal area caused by straining?

    <p>Hemorrhoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foods are examples of High Glycemic Index Foods?

    <p>Cookies, Cakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first tissue glucose passes through after leaving the intestines?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the liver use fructose and galactose for?

    <p>Glycogen Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process maintains blood glucose during sleep, fasting, and trauma or exercise?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substrates can be used to produce important intermediates in gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP)?

    <p>Nucleotide synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes runs parallel to glycolysis and generates nucleotides and NADPH?

    <p>Pentose Phosphate Pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of NADPH in cellular metabolism?

    <p>Detoxification reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does carbohydrate chains attach to proteins in glycoprotein biosynthesis?

    <p>Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is crucial for promoting the excretion of bilirubin, drugs, and xenobiotics through its increased solubility in blood?

    <p>UDP-galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the interconversion of lactate and glucose between muscle and liver during anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>Cori Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key intermediate produced in the TCA cycle for gluconeogenesis and amino acid synthesis?

    <p>Oxaloacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does iron deficiency anemia affect, reducing the production of heme and cytochromes?

    <p>ATP Synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme deficiency is associated with Type I Glycogen Storage Disease?

    <p>Glucose 6-phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule helps maintain fasting blood glucose around 80-90 mg/dl?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main regulatory enzyme involved in glycolysis?

    <p>Glucose 6-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Cytochromes in the context of Cyanide Poisoning?

    <p>Electron Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key precursor produced by glycolysis for nucleotide synthesis?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms are associated with Glycogen Storage Diseases (GSDs) like Von Gierke Disease?

    <p>Hypoglycemia, Enlarged liver, Muscle Weakness, Growth Retardation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a diet high in refined sugars contribute to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)?

    <p>Excess fructose leads to increased TG and fat production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of postprandial hyperglycemia?

    <p>Hyperosmolar coma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glucagon in the body?

    <p>Promotes lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs when insulin binds to cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors?

    <p>Lipogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of excessive glucose levels in the blood being avoided via two processes?

    <p>Glycogenolysis and lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does glucagon increase the release of from the liver?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is known as the 'stress hormone'?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the oxidation of glucose occur to produce ATP in the body?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

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