Noise in Communication Systems

Unwanted interference in a signal, degrading its quality, and can affect both analog and digital signals. It's random AC voltage.

The origin of random frequencies and amplitudes affecting a signal, such as electronic devices or other signals.

Unwanted signals from other sources that disrupt a signal during transmission or processing.

Signals that continuously vary in strength or amplitude, just like a wave.

Signals that use discrete values (like 'on' or 'off') to represent information, making them more resistant to noise.

Needs unusually high noise levels to affect digital signals because of the use of binary pulses.

A smaller amount of noise can affect the value of expected output. A variation leads to unpredictable and potential damaging results.

Noise originating from uncontrollable sources - industrial, atmospheric, or space.

Noise created by manufacturing equipment (e.g., generators, motors).

Noise resulting from natural electrical disturbances (lightning).

Noise originating from space, including solar and cosmic sources.

Noise originating from the sun, with an 11-year cycle.

Noise from stars outside the solar system.

Noise created by electronic components within a receiver.

Random motion of electrons in a conductor due to heat.

Noise from electronic components (diodes, transistors).

A type of internal noise created when multiple signals combine.

Random noise produced by the thermal agitation of atoms in a conductor, causing resistance changes as electrons pass.

Random noise containing all frequencies at random amplitudes; also known as Johnson noise.

Filtered or band-limited noise, containing less high-frequency energy than white noise.

Random noise in a device caused by the random movement of current carriers.

Noise created when the transit time of a signal frequency matches the time it takes for a current carrier to travel.

Noise due to random resistance variations in a semiconductor, inversely proportional to frequency.

Generation of new signals and harmonics caused by circuit non-linearity when multiple signals are used.

Noise generated by components like diodes and transistors, including shot, transit-time, and flicker noise.

A measure of the relative strength of a signal compared to the noise in a communication system.

Indicates a strong signal and weak noise, leading to reliable reception.

Indicates a weak signal and strong noise, resulting in unreliable reception.

Signal-to-noise ratio calculated using signal voltage (Vs) and noise voltage (Vn). SNR = Vs/Vn.

Signal-to-noise ratio calculated using signal power (Ps) and noise power (Pn). SNR = Ps/Pn.

Strength of the signal measured in voltage.

Strength of the noise measured in voltage.

Strength of the signal measured in power.

Strength of the noise measured in power.

A ratio that measures the power of a signal relative to the power of noise. A higher SNR indicates better signal quality.

Calculated by dividing the signal power by the noise power. This is often expressed as a ratio (e.g., 50:1), but can also be converted to decibels.

A logarithmic scale used to represent the SNR ratio. It's a more convenient way to represent large ratios. Used for Voltage and Power measurements

The formula to convert SNR ratio into dB. A value * 20 * log(ratio).

The formula to convert SNR ratio into dB. A value * 10 * log(ratio).

A measure of the noise introduced by a component or system relative to the noise it received.

Another way to represent the quality of the receiver noise, expressed as a ratio.

The ratio of input to output signal-to-noise power.

Noise factor expressed in decibels.

An unwanted change in a signal's waveform.

Distortion alters the signal's shape, while noise adds random interference.

Environmental factors, channel properties, and transmission distance can cause distortion.

Results in garbled, harsh, and unnatural sounds.

Distortion can be used to reduce noise in a signal, such as in noise reduction systems.

Used to create a specific character for musical instruments such as electric guitars.