Noha Adly Operating Systems - Concurrency & Synchronization
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Questions and Answers

What is a critical resource in the context of operating systems?

  • A resource that requires mutual exclusion among processes
  • A resource that can be shared among multiple programs
  • A resource that is unknown to the operating system
  • A resource that can only be accessed by one program at a time (correct)

    • Why do processes have to express the requirement for mutual exclusion and not the operating system?

  • The operating system lacks the capability to enforce mutual exclusion
  • Operating systems cannot understand detailed process requirements (correct)
  • The operating system delegates all control to processes
  • Processes have better understanding of critical resources

    • What is a critical section in the context of a program?

  • A section where processes communicate directly with the operating system
  • A portion of code that modifies common variables (correct)
  • A segment of code that accesses non-critical resources
  • A section where multiple programs can simultaneously access resources

    • Why does the critical section problem arise in designing protocols for processes?

    <p>To synchronize access to shared resources among processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a system with n processes, what must each process do in relation to its critical section?

    <p>Ask permission to enter the critical section and exit after use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for only one process to be in its critical section at any given time?

    <p>To enforce mutual exclusion and prevent race conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an operating system in managing concurrent processes?

    <p>To protect shared resources and data from interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided, what are the possible final values of b and c if P3 executes before P4?

    <p>b = 3, c = 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical section problem in the context of concurrent processes?

    <p>The need to ensure that only one process can access a shared resource at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the operating system in allocating and deallocating resources for active processes?

    <p>To manage the allocation and deallocation of resources based on process requests and availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the concept of mutual exclusion in operating systems?

    <p>Allowing only one process to access a shared resource at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the provided example, what is the purpose of using process control blocks (PCBs) in the operating system?

    <p>To keep track of active processes and their resource requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a race condition?

    <p>Two or more processes are reading and writing on shared data, and the final result depends on the order of execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mutual exclusion in concurrent programming?

    <p>To make sure that if one process is accessing a shared resource, the other processes are excluded from doing so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a deadlock situation?

    <p>Each process owns a resource that the other process is waiting for, leading to a circular wait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical region in concurrent programming?

    <p>The part of the program where shared variables are accessed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an atomic operation?

    <p>A sequence of one or more statements that appears to be indivisible, and no other process can see an intermediate state or interrupt the operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is starvation in the context of concurrent programming?

    <p>A situation where a process is denied access to a resource, even though no deadlock exists, and the process may be neglected indefinitely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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