NMJ Regeneration Signal Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of presynaptic boutons?

  • Store neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles (correct)
  • Clustering of ion channels
  • Anchor postsynaptic receptors
  • Regulate synapse function

What is the role of presynaptic active zones?

  • Contain electron dense proteins
  • Anchor postsynaptic receptors
  • Regulate synapse function
  • Fuse with synaptic vesicles (correct)

Which component of the synapse is involved in clustering postsynaptic receptors and ion channels at high density?

  • Presynaptic bouton
  • Presynaptic active zone
  • Synaptic cleft
  • Postsynaptic density (correct)

What is the specialized content of the synaptic cleft?

<p>Synaptic extracellular matrix (C)</p>
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During which phase of synapse formation does target selection occur?

<p>Phase 1: Target selection (B)</p>
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Which drug specifically inhibits action potentials by blocking sodium channels that depolarize neurons?

<p>Tetrodotoxin (A)</p>
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What is the role of the postsynaptic denisity (PSD) in a synapse?

<p>Regulate synapse function (A)</p>
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How do drugs like tetrodotoxin typically affect the first phase of synapse formation?

<p>Have no effect on target selection (C)</p>
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Which phase of synapse formation involves remodeling the initial course distribution of synaptic connections?

<p>Address selection phase. (C)</p>
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What is the role of Agrin in neuromuscular junctions?

<p>Induces clustering of AChRs in cultured myotubes (A)</p>
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What happens in MuSK knockout mice?

<p>AChRs do not properly localize (B)</p>
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Which molecule is an intracellular adaptor protein for AChRs?

<p>Rapsyn (A)</p>
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What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS synapses?

<p>Glutamate (B)</p>
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Which synapses can be axo-dendritic, axo-somatic, or axo-axonic?

<p>CNS synapses (B)</p>
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What is the function of netrin-1 in synapses?

<p>Recruits AMPA-Rs to synapses (B)</p>
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Which molecule promotes excitatory glutamatergic synapse formation when overexpressed in cortex neurons?

<p>SynCAM (D)</p>
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What is a key difference between CNS and PNS synapses in terms of neurotransmitter release?

<p>CNS requires transmitter release from multiple synapses to depolarize the post-synaptic neuron, while PNS does not. (B)</p>
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In what way does Rapsyn knockout mice phenotype differ from MuSK knockout mice phenotype?

<p>Both exhibit severe lack of clustering. (B)</p>
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What is the role of the intracellular domain of cadherins in synaptic terminals?

<p>Binds to actin (C)</p>
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What is the role of Ephrins in axon guidance?

<p>They repel the axons of neurons expressing the corresponding receptor (D)</p>
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What effect does disrupting cadherins have on synaptic function?

<p>Reduces PSD95 complex clustering (C)</p>
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What is the primary neurotransmitter at the mammalian Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)?

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p>
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What change in AChR subunits occurs after innervation of myotubes?

<p>A shift from delta to epsilon subunits (B)</p>
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In knockout mice lacking gephrin, what is the impact on post-synaptic clustering?

<p>No post-synaptic clustering occurs (C)</p>
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What is the function of heterophilic synaptic adhesion molecules like beta-neurexin and neuroligin?

<p>Link pre- and post-synapse sides (B)</p>
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What triggers the differentiation of both presynaptic and post-synaptic elements during synapse formation?

<p>Recognition of the target and adhesive interaction (C)</p>
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What is the role of PDZ domains in synaptic organization?

<p>Cluster ion channels at the post-synapse (D)</p>
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Which protein activates the receptor tyrosine kinase erbB on the post-synaptic membrane of myotubes?

<p>Neuregulin (Nr) (A)</p>
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Which proteins contain PDZ domains involved in synaptic function?

<p>PSD95, Cask, ZO-3 (B)</p>
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What is one of the mechanisms that contribute to AChR clustering?

<p>Redistribution of existing receptors in the plane of the membrane (D)</p>
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What does experiment A, denervating a mature NMJ, suggest about AChR clustering?

<p>A nerve is required for AChR clustering to occur (D)</p>
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What is the role of the active zones in synaptic terminals?

<p>Anchor synaptic vesicles (D)</p>
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What is the proposed function of a presynaptic active zone precursor vesicle?

<p>Facilitating the formation of active zones (C)</p>
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What are Ephrins and Eph receptors responsible for directing?

<p>Innervation of the tectum (C)</p>
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What is one outcome of synapse formation involving recognition and adhesive interaction?

<p>Enhanced gene transcription in synaptic nuclei (B)</p>
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How do CNS neurons differ in response compared to NMJ neurons?

<p>They cluster different types of receptors. (A)</p>
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What is the effect of expressing neuroligin by a non-neuronal cell on an axon that contacts it?

<p>Triggers presynaptic differentiation. (A)</p>
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