Untitled Quiz

First Aid Rescue and Water Safety

• Artificial Respiration (AR): A manual method to provide air to a person whose natural breathing is insufficient or stopped.
• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): An emergency procedure to maintain oxygen and blood flow, keeping brain function intact by circulating oxygen from lungs to the brain. It works when the heart and lungs have stopped working.
• Defibrillator: A device used alongside CPR that delivers an electric shock to the heart to help restore its natural rhythm.
• Ventilation: The act of allowing air to enter the lungs of a patient during CPR, using methods like mouth-to-mouth or artificial airways (endotracheal tube).
• Compression: Using hands and arms to manually pump the heart of a victim to continue blood circulation from lungs to heart and brain during cardiac dysfunction. This is performed with a defined rhythm.
• Survey the scene: Initial evaluation of the surrounding area to assess safety.
• Introduce yourself to the public: Make yourself visible to onlookers.
• Tap the shoulder of the victim: Indicate person needing help.
• Ask for help and activate medical assistance or EMS: Recruit extra help and formally alert emergency services (EMS).
• DCAPBTLS: Acronym for evaluating potential injuries and signs of trauma: Deformity, Confusion, Abrasion, Punctures, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling.

Introduction to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

• CPR is an essential procedure.
• CPR techniques include artificial respiration, defibrillation, and ventilation.
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is designed to be performed until qualified help arrives.

Methods of conducting AR and CPR

• Survey the scene.
• Introduce yourself to the public.
• Tap the shoulder of the victim.
• Ask for help and activate medical assistance or EMS (emergency medical services).
• Check for vital functioning.
• If breathing is negative but the pulse is positive, perform Artificial Respiration (AR).
• If breathing and pulse are negative, apply Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

Checking for Vital Functioning

• Check for responsiveness.
• Assess pulse (radial or carotid).
• Assess breathing (look, listen, feel).
• Assess circulation (pulse and blood flow assessment as per diagram/photo).

The Head Tilt-Chin Lift Maneuver

• This maneuver opens the airway by lifting the tongue away from the back of the throat.

The Jaw Thrust Maneuver

• This maneuver is used to avoid injury of spinal cord and brain stem.
• It's a technique used in cases of suspected spinal injury.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Procedures

• Shock first: If a defibrillator is available, use it immediately. Then proceed with CPR.
• Place on a flat surface: Lay the victim flat on a hard, flat surface.
• Spell CAB: Follow the procedure for circulation, airway, and breathing (C-A-B).
• 30 compressions: Perform 30 chest compressions.
• 2 ventilations: Following compressions, deliver 2 rescue breaths.
• Cycle: Repeat 30 compressions and 2 ventilations to constitute one cycle.
• 5 cycles: Perform 5 cycles.
• Reassess vital functioning: After 5 cycles, reassess vital signs.
• Medical assistance: If there is no vital functioning return, place the victim in recovery position. Wait for medical assistance if need be.

After 30 compressions

• Deliver 2 ventilations following the procedure for Artificial Respiration.
• Thirty (30) compressions with 2 ventilations is one cycle.
• Perform 5 cycles then reassess vital functioning.
• If vital functioning returns, place victim in recovery position.

Water Safety and Survival

• Water safety involves knowledge of aquatic environments, abilities to swim, and avoidance of hazardous conditions.

Definitions of Terms

• Swimming: involves movements to travel on or beneath the surface of water.
• Water Safety: refers to the knowledge and skills in understanding aquatic environment, identifying dangers, and managing situations.
• Drowning: suffocation in water.
• Wave: a surge traveling across the surface of water.
• Current: flowing water movement.
• Hazard: anything with potential to cause harm.

How to Swim

• Swimming can be learned.
• Safety is important.

Getting Comfortable in the Water

• Don't swim alone; always swim with a trained swimmer.
• Avoid swimming in moving water without having trained help.

Steps for Swimming (General)

• Depth: Stay within a safe depth able to stand in.
• Inclement Weather: Avoid swimming in bad weather.
• Cold Water: Avoid swimming in very cold water.
• Floating: Practice on sides of pool or dock.
• Panic: Don't panic. Always have a fallback. Float on back if need be.
• Exhaling Underwater: Practice exhaling underwater.
• Goggles: (Optional) Wear goggles if desired.

Beginning Strokes and Treading Water

• Practice kicking legs whether floating on back/sides and using kickboards.
• Try flutter kick:Point toes like dancer, straight legs alternating kicks; flex ankles most
• Try whip kick: Legs held tightly from hips to knees, 90-degree angle kicks, circular motion, trace half circle with each leg, bring legs back together to restart.
• Try eggbeater kick: Feet apart, vertical position knees bent, "pedal" each leg in opposite directions for treading water.
• Learn how to crawl.
• Front stroke: Float on stomach, flutter kick, alternating arm movements. Turn head to breathe.
• Tread water. Use eggbeater kick, arms sculling.

Use Your Arms to Come Up from the Bottom

• Extend arms to propel oneself up when below water.

Learning Advanced Techniques

• Butterfly stroke: Proper technique when swimming competitively.
• Side Stroke: Lifeguard rescue stroke, efficient for hours of swimming.

Step for Butterfly Stroke

• Know other strokes first.
• Get a swim coach.
• Learn the body-dolphin or mermaid kick.
• Learn arms action- Move from underwater to above water performing a large swooping movement with one arm at a time. Keep a rhythm.
• Kick underwater, move arms out again.
• Touch wall with two hands after and push off.
• Open turn.

Step for Breast stroke

• Stand sideway with arms straight in front of you and legs at your back
• Push arms apart, creating a diagonal with your body.

Steps for Side Stroke

• Teach the scissors kick.

• Teach the timing.

• Demonstrate the stroke first while having your students use choral responding techniques for arms and legs.

• Swimming Laps: Practice swimming laps in a controlled and consistent manner.

  • Choose lane, acclimate water, controlled strokes, turns at lane end.

• Try diving: Start with basic dives and progress to more intricate ones in a safe and sufficient depth.

• Know how to get out of a riptide: Stay calm, swim parallel to the shore, strong swimming stroke, keep going until out of current, and call for help.

Preventing Harm in Water Environments

• Knowing the aquatic area to avoid hazardous situations such as strong currents, animals, too much cold or hot temp, and depth.
• Avoid hazards and use safety precautions when entering aquatic environments.
• Personal safety is important while in the water.
• Knowing how to handle aquatic situations and avoid likely hazards.
• Don't attempt rescues if not skilled.
• Know how to handle likely hazards.

Search and Rescue

• Assess the situation; maintain calm and identify safety; call for help; maintain crowd control.
• Follow rescue patterns (Reach, Throw, Row, Go).

Swimming Lessons

• The process of learning to swim in most countries.
• Prerequisites for each level from 1-6 exist.
• Techniques and lessons are provided at each level.

Floating in a Pool

• Start in shallow end.
• Ease onto back and spread arms and legs to float like a starfish.
• Relax muscles, point toes, take breath, lift head, try a front float, try a rescue float.
• If possible, have an experienced swimmer to practice in the beginning.

Swimming as a Requirement

• Swimming is sometimes a requirement for certain courses or processes.