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Which of the following are true statements about race? (Select all that apply)
Nearly half of all black men will be arrested before the age of 23.
True
What are the main problems with the concept 'African American' as a label for part of the U.S. population?
Immigrants from Cuba, Jamaica, and Haiti think of their locations as their countries of origin, and newly arrived African immigrants do not want to be grouped with existing black Americans.
Identify the factors behind the difference in symbolic ethnicity between white and black middle-class Americans.
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What roles does social media play in the Black Lives Matter movement? (Select all that apply)
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What are the consequences of making everyone more aware of whiteness as a racial category?
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How do the Burakumin in Japan demonstrate the process of racialization?
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Match each historical event to its correct chronological order:
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What was the word 'race' derived from, and what has it evolved in conjunction with?
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Which of the following are examples of 'color-blind racism'? (Select all that apply)
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Which features of the 2010 Census improve racial composition accuracy? (Select all that apply)
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What events led to the formation of black ghettos in the early twentieth century?
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What were the events leading up to the 1994 Rwandan genocide?
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Identify whether the following beliefs characterize racism:
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Why is residential segregation a serious social problem?
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How does the decriminalization of marijuana perpetuate racialized wealth inequality? (Select all that apply)
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What was the racial atmosphere in the housing project where Dalton Conley grew up in the 1970s?
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Study Notes
Race as a Social Construct
- Race is primarily a social construct rather than a biological reality.
- Bloodlines are often confused with race, leading to misconceptions.
Issues within the US Penal System
- Close to half of all black men face arrest before turning 23 years old.
- Current prison demographics show a significant majority of inmates are black and Latino.
Limitations of the "African American" Label
- Immigrants from Caribbean countries prioritize their origins over the term "African American."
- Newly arrived African immigrants often reject classification alongside established black Americans.
Differences in Ethnic Identity Choices
- White individuals can easily choose to identify with various ethnicities (e.g., Irish, German).
- Black individuals cannot choose to identify as white or select their ancestral ethnicity freely.
Role of Social Media in Activism
- Social media acts as a vital platform for organizing protests and movements.
- It raises awareness about police violence and systemic racism.
Consequences of Recognizing Whiteness
- Increased awareness dissolves the assumption of whiteness as the societal norm.
- Some individuals may develop an unhealthy sense of white consciousness linked to racism.
Racialization of the Burakumin in Japan
- Burakumin experience distinct treatment, marked as an inferior social group within Japan.
- They face exclusion from broader societal participation, leading to poorer health and economic outcomes.
Key Historical Events in Racial Classification
- The Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson upheld racial segregation laws.
- The Brown v. Board of Education decision declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
Responses to Oppression
- Collective Resistance: Oppressed groups fight against their oppression.
- Passing: Members of oppressed groups disguise their identity.
- Acceptance: They conform to the behaviors and norms of the dominant group.
- Withdrawal: Oppressed groups flee to escape from persecution.
Evolution of Racial Classification in History
- Early citizenship was limited to "free white persons."
- Immigration trends shifted the nation's ethnic makeup significantly, leading to legislative restrictions.
Concept of Race and Its Historical Context
- The term "race" derives from a Latin word meaning "root."
- The concept developed alongside imperialism, justifying the domination of different peoples.
Examples of Color-Blind Racism
- Statements about immigrant threats to native identity reflect color-blind racism.
- Minimizing the role of race suggests a false sense of equality in opportunities.
Improvements in Census Race and Ethnicity Questions
- Allowing individuals to select multiple racial identities can yield more accurate demographic data.
- Separate questions for race and ethnicity enhance response accuracy.
Formation of Black Ghettos
- Economic competition and structural demographic changes fueled segregation.
- Collaborations between property owners and law enforcement enforced segregated neighborhoods.
Preceding Events of the Rwandan Genocide
- Initial coexistence between Hutus and Tutsis deteriorated under colonial influence.
- Social strains led to deadly conflicts as frustrations against Tutsis escalated.
Monogenism vs. Polygenism
- Monogenism posits that all humans share a single ancestry, supported by both traditionalists and some Darwinists.
Racist Beliefs Defined
- Racism involves the belief in superior bloodlines or physical traits.
- It suggests distinct cultural and behavioral traits linked to different bloodlines or races.
Serious Issues of Residential Segregation
- Difficulties in changing residents' segregation patterns perpetuate the status quo.
- It facilitates further segregation in various life aspects, including education and employment.
Racialized Wealth Inequality in Marijuana Decriminalization
- African Americans tend to be arrested for marijuana offenses at higher rates than whites.
- Most marijuana business licenses have been granted to whites, reflecting disparity.
Racial Dynamics in Housing Projects
- In the 1970s, Dalton Conley's housing projects presented whites as a marginalized community.
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