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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are true statements about race? (Select all that apply)

  • Race is a social construct. (correct)
  • Race is solely based on physical characteristics.
  • Race has no impact on society.
  • Race is about bloodlines. (correct)
  • Nearly half of all black men will be arrested before the age of 23.

    True

    What are the main problems with the concept 'African American' as a label for part of the U.S. population?

    Immigrants from Cuba, Jamaica, and Haiti think of their locations as their countries of origin, and newly arrived African immigrants do not want to be grouped with existing black Americans.

    Identify the factors behind the difference in symbolic ethnicity between white and black middle-class Americans.

    <p>For a white person, skin color is not a defining characteristic, while for a black person, it is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What roles does social media play in the Black Lives Matter movement? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Bringing attention to police violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of making everyone more aware of whiteness as a racial category?

    <p>It removes the assumption that whiteness is normal and encourages some whites to embrace white consciousness in racist fashion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the Burakumin in Japan demonstrate the process of racialization?

    <p>They are treated as a distinct group, barred from full participation in society, and face poorer health and lower income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each historical event to its correct chronological order:

    <p>Plessy v. Ferguson is decided = 1 Allied forces fight the Nazi regime = 2 Brown v. Board of Education is decided = 3 Mandatory busing is used to desegregate schools = 4 Integration through compulsory busing is widely rejected = 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the word 'race' derived from, and what has it evolved in conjunction with?

    <p>'root', 'imperialism', 'bloodline', 'conquer and dominate'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are examples of 'color-blind racism'? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Immigrants threaten native-born culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which features of the 2010 Census improve racial composition accuracy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Race and ethnicity are asked in separate questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What events led to the formation of black ghettos in the early twentieth century?

    <p>Demographic trends increased job competition, social boundaries hardened, property owners and police maintained segregation, federal aid favored whites, and urban renewal forced relocation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the events leading up to the 1994 Rwandan genocide?

    <p>Hutus and Tutsis lived together, Belgium instituted a class hierarchy, Rwanda experienced failed crops, and Hutus violently expressed frustration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify whether the following beliefs characterize racism:

    <p>Certain groups are superior = Yes Humans are divided into distinct bloodlines = Yes Bloodlines linked to behavior = Yes Everyone is treated equally = No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is residential segregation a serious social problem?

    <p>It is hard to change or prevent, leads to other forms of segregation, and fosters a culture of segregation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the decriminalization of marijuana perpetuate racialized wealth inequality? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Whites secure more marijuana sales contracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the racial atmosphere in the housing project where Dalton Conley grew up in the 1970s?

    <p>Whites were a marginalized group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Race as a Social Construct

    • Race is primarily a social construct rather than a biological reality.
    • Bloodlines are often confused with race, leading to misconceptions.

    Issues within the US Penal System

    • Close to half of all black men face arrest before turning 23 years old.
    • Current prison demographics show a significant majority of inmates are black and Latino.

    Limitations of the "African American" Label

    • Immigrants from Caribbean countries prioritize their origins over the term "African American."
    • Newly arrived African immigrants often reject classification alongside established black Americans.

    Differences in Ethnic Identity Choices

    • White individuals can easily choose to identify with various ethnicities (e.g., Irish, German).
    • Black individuals cannot choose to identify as white or select their ancestral ethnicity freely.

    Role of Social Media in Activism

    • Social media acts as a vital platform for organizing protests and movements.
    • It raises awareness about police violence and systemic racism.

    Consequences of Recognizing Whiteness

    • Increased awareness dissolves the assumption of whiteness as the societal norm.
    • Some individuals may develop an unhealthy sense of white consciousness linked to racism.

    Racialization of the Burakumin in Japan

    • Burakumin experience distinct treatment, marked as an inferior social group within Japan.
    • They face exclusion from broader societal participation, leading to poorer health and economic outcomes.

    Key Historical Events in Racial Classification

    • The Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson upheld racial segregation laws.
    • The Brown v. Board of Education decision declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

    Responses to Oppression

    • Collective Resistance: Oppressed groups fight against their oppression.
    • Passing: Members of oppressed groups disguise their identity.
    • Acceptance: They conform to the behaviors and norms of the dominant group.
    • Withdrawal: Oppressed groups flee to escape from persecution.

    Evolution of Racial Classification in History

    • Early citizenship was limited to "free white persons."
    • Immigration trends shifted the nation's ethnic makeup significantly, leading to legislative restrictions.

    Concept of Race and Its Historical Context

    • The term "race" derives from a Latin word meaning "root."
    • The concept developed alongside imperialism, justifying the domination of different peoples.

    Examples of Color-Blind Racism

    • Statements about immigrant threats to native identity reflect color-blind racism.
    • Minimizing the role of race suggests a false sense of equality in opportunities.

    Improvements in Census Race and Ethnicity Questions

    • Allowing individuals to select multiple racial identities can yield more accurate demographic data.
    • Separate questions for race and ethnicity enhance response accuracy.

    Formation of Black Ghettos

    • Economic competition and structural demographic changes fueled segregation.
    • Collaborations between property owners and law enforcement enforced segregated neighborhoods.

    Preceding Events of the Rwandan Genocide

    • Initial coexistence between Hutus and Tutsis deteriorated under colonial influence.
    • Social strains led to deadly conflicts as frustrations against Tutsis escalated.

    Monogenism vs. Polygenism

    • Monogenism posits that all humans share a single ancestry, supported by both traditionalists and some Darwinists.

    Racist Beliefs Defined

    • Racism involves the belief in superior bloodlines or physical traits.
    • It suggests distinct cultural and behavioral traits linked to different bloodlines or races.

    Serious Issues of Residential Segregation

    • Difficulties in changing residents' segregation patterns perpetuate the status quo.
    • It facilitates further segregation in various life aspects, including education and employment.

    Racialized Wealth Inequality in Marijuana Decriminalization

    • African Americans tend to be arrested for marijuana offenses at higher rates than whites.
    • Most marijuana business licenses have been granted to whites, reflecting disparity.

    Racial Dynamics in Housing Projects

    • In the 1970s, Dalton Conley's housing projects presented whites as a marginalized community.

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