Untitled Quiz

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

• Siteworks is a category of building technology.
• Acronyms related to earthworks: AASHTO, ANSI, ASTM, DPWH, USCS.
• AASHTO Soil Classification System classifies inorganic soils for subgrade materials, based on drainage and bearing capacity.
• AASHTO defines particle sizes: boulders (> 75mm), gravel (75mm to No.10 sieve), coarse sand (No.10 to No.40 sieve), fine sand (No.40 to No.200 sieve), silt-clay particles (< No.200 sieve).
• Atterberg Limits are tests performed on soils passing the No.40 sieve.
• Liquid Limit (LL) is the water content at which a soil changes from liquid to plastic state.
• Plastic Limit (PL) is the water content at which a soil begins to crumble when rolled into a thread.
• Plasticity Index (PI) is the difference between the Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit (LL - PL).
• Fill materials include soil, crushed stone, and sand. Classified using USCS.
• GW, GM, GP - Gravels with > 50% retained on No. 200 sieve and > 50% on No. 40 sieve.
• SW, SM - Sands with > 50% retained on No. 200 sieve and 50% or more passing No.40 sieve.
• Granular Fill or Filters are soil materials with a sand equivalent of at least 50% and prevent the movement of fine particles.
• Borrow Fill - selected laboratory-approved pit-run gravel, disintegrated granite, sand, shale, cinders or other similar materials with no more than 35% fraction passing the No. 200 sieve.
• Base Course Materials - hard, durable fragments of stone and a filler of sand or other finely divided mineral matter, free from vegetable matter and lumps of clay, complying with AASHO T-11 and T-26.
• Local Borrow Fill materials: BANDA Y BANDA, ESCOMBRO P5,000 per 15 – 16 cum, ESCOMBRO – BULIK (for Rip-rap)
• Riprap is a layer of stone placed to prevent erosion.
• Gabion System - wire-enclosed riprap mats or baskets filled with small riprap and anchored.
• Geosynthetics - construction materials consisting of synthetic components for use with or within earth materials.
• Categories of geosynthetics: geotextiles, geomembranes, geocomposites, geonets, and geocells.
• Geotextiles are a woven or nonwoven fabric made from: polyester or polypropylene; used for separation, filtration, and in-plane drainage.
• Geomembranes are continuous polymeric sheets that are impermeable.
• Geocomposites consist of a combination of geosynthetic components, usually sheet or edge drains.
• Geonets consist of a continuous extrusion of polymeric ribs that form void space through which in-plane flow capacity can be achieved.
• Geocells are three-dimensional prefabricated polymeric systems used for stabilizing soft subgrades and protection of steep slopes.
• Slope-Erosion Protection Materials - temporary and permanent. Open mesh polymeric systems (e.g., coir jute) and combinations of polymeric and biodegradable mesh.
• Termite and Bukbok Proofing: Physical barriers, Chemical barriers, Colony Elimination (Bait) System.
• Termite Resistant Sand
• Termite Mesh
• Home Construction
• Pre-construction chemical barriers.
• Vertical chemical barriers
• Horizontal chemical barriers
• Colony Elimination (Bait) System
• Choker Aggregate
• Hot Mix Asphalt or Asphaltic Concrete
• Cold Mix Asphalt or Asphaltic Concrete
• Asphaltic Macadam
• Asphalt Overlay
• Cementing Materials
• Lime - one of the oldest manufactured building materials made from calcination of limestone (carbonates of calcium and magnesium); used as a mortar and plaster.
• Quicklime, slaked lime (hydrated lime)
• Gypsum - used as a plaster.
• Portland cement - a finely pulverized clinker made from a mix of argillaceous and calcareous materials, includes iron oxide(III) and other ingredients.
• Storage of Cement
• Concrete - a mix of cement, aggregate and water which hardens into a stone-like material.
• Qualities of good concrete
• Materials of concrete - cement, aggregates, water
• Slump test
• Proportioning of concrete - use good quality materials; determine water-cement ratio; determine consistency using slump test; adding correct aggregate amounts to achieve desired consistency
• Mixing of concrete
• Machine mixing
• Hand Mixing
• Transporting and placing of concrete
• Shrinkage of concrete & temperature changes
• Curing of concrete
• Treatments of lumber
• Preservation of lumber
• Deterioration of lumber
• Deforestation of lumber
• Types and sizes of lumber

WOOD AND PLASTICS

• Properties of Wood as building material
• Classification of Wood
• Softwoods
• Hardwoods
• Structure of Wood - Sapwood and Heartwood
• Properties of Wood including Hardness, Flexibility, and Durability
• Defects of Wood (Decay, Checks, Shakes, Knots, Pitchpockets, Wane, and Warping)
• Methods of sawing: Plainsawing, Quartersawing
• Classification of Lumber
• Measurement of Lumber: Board Feet
• Seasoning of Lumber - Air drying and Kiln drying
• Deterioration of Lumber - Decay and Insects
• Preservation of Lumber - Oil-type and Water-borne preservatives

WOOD COMPOSITES

• Plywood - most common wood composite, made by gluing multiple layers of thin veneer together with the grain of each layer at right angles to the adjacent ones;
• Hardboard
• Chipboard
• Fiberboards
• Medium Density Fiberboards
• MDF - a type of hardboard - made of wood fibers glued under heat and pressure, dense, non-porous, and resistant to moisture
• Gypsum Boards
• Fiber cement boards
• Particle board

MILLWORK

• Millwork encompasses finished lumber cuts and processed at a lumber mill
• Types of wood molding

PLASTICS USED IN ARCHITECTURE

• Classification of plastics
• Thermoplastics
• Thermosetting plastics
• Acrylic - a transparent material, used in windows, skylights, cladding, lighting fixtures.
• Cellulosics
• Polyethylene (PE)
• Polystyrene
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Polycarbonates
• Polypropylene
• Nylons
• Fluoroplastics
• ABS - acrylonitrile butadiene styrene - a versatile and high-strength substance

DOORS AND WINDOWS

• Glass
• Types of flat glass (Sheet, Plate, Float)
• Other types of glass (Annealed, Heat-strengthened, Tempered, Laminated)
• Wired Glass, Patterned Glass, Obscure glass, Insulating glass
• Tinted Glass
• Reflective glass
• Low-emissivity (low-e) glass

HARDWARE

• Nails
• Screws
• Bolts
• Characteristics of nails
• Types of nails
• Driving and fastening techniques
• Handling nail fasteners
• Screw sizes, types and materials
• Bolt types and sizes
• Washers and their uses
• Expansion bolts
• Toggle bolts
• Rivets
• Explosive rivets
• Adhesives - types, applications, characteristics, etc