41 Questions
What is the Nissl bodies composed of in nerve cells?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes
Where are Nissl bodies typically absent in nerve cells?
Axon and axon hillock
Which type of neuron has a large cell body, large axon, and many dendritic processes?
Multipolar neuron
What is the main difference between dendrites and axons?
Dendrites conduct impulses towards the cell body
What is the term for the region of the cell body lacking Nissl bodies?
Axon hillock
In which type of neuron are Nissl bodies more abundant?
Large nerve cells such as motor neurons
Where are Nissl bodies typically found in nerve cells?
Perikaryon and dendrites
What is the primary function of dendrites in nerve cells?
Conducting impulses towards the cell body
What is the ratio of glial cells to neurons in the CNS?
1 neuron to 10 glial cells
Where are protoplasmic astrocytes typically found?
Gray matter
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Wrapping around axons to form the myelin sheath
What is the main function of myelin in nerves?
To allow nerve signals to travel faster
What is the role of microglia in the CNS?
Phagocytosing cellular debris
What is the result of demyelination?
Slower transmission of nerve signals
What is the function of ependymal cells?
Secreting cerebrospinal fluid
What type of cells are found in peripheral nerves?
Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and no neuron cell bodies
What is the type of synapse where the axon terminal transmits the nerve impulse to a cell body?
Axosomatic synapse
What is the term for the damage to myelin around nerves?
Demyelination
What is the function of astrocytes in the CNS?
Sending processes to contact neurons and surrounding CNS capillaries
What is the main component of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Peripheral nerves and ganglia
What is the function of the axon terminals?
To transmit nerve impulses to a dendrite or cell body
What is the speed of nerve signal transmission in unmyelinated neurons?
1 meter per second
What is the structure that allows nerve signals to travel faster in myelinated neurons?
Myelin sheath
What is the type of synapse where the axon terminal transmits the nerve impulse to another axon?
Axoaxonic synapse
What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier?
To separate the myelin sheath segments and speeding up the transmission
What type of cells are associated with neurones in ganglia?
Satellite cells
What is the main function of satellite cells?
To support the bodies of ganglion cells
What is the primary function of the synapse?
To ensure the transmission of nerve impulses is unidirectional
What is the main difference between Schwann cells and satellite cells?
Schwann cells provide a myelin sheath to axons, while satellite cells do not
What is the composition of myelin?
Mainly phospholipid
Where are neurones in the peripheral nervous system located?
In ganglia
How many myelinated axons are surrounded by a single Schwann cell?
One
What type of demyelination occurs when the body's immune system attacks myelin?
Inflammatory demyelination
What is the cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)?
Viral infection by the JC virus
Which type of demyelination involves the peripheral nerves?
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
What is the term for demyelination caused by vascular disease or lack of oxygen in the brain?
Hypoxic-ischemic demyelination
What is the result of liver damage on myelin?
Myelin damage
What type of demyelination is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Inflammatory demyelination
What is the result of electrolyte imbalances on myelin?
Myelin damage
What is the term for demyelination caused by alcohol consumption?
Alcohol-related demyelination
Which type of demyelination is associated with optic neuritis?
Inflammatory demyelination
Test your knowledge of Nissl bodies, their structure, function, and distribution in nerve cells. Learn about their relationship with neural type and functional state. Explore their presence in different parts of nerve cells.
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