11-L1
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Questions and Answers

What is the Nissl bodies composed of in nerve cells?

  • Golgi apparatus and centrioles
  • Lysosomes and mitochondria
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and bound ribosomes
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes (correct)

    • Where are Nissl bodies typically absent in nerve cells?

  • Axon and axon hillock (correct)
  • Dendrites and perikaryon
  • Axon and perikaryon
  • Cell body and dendrites

    • Which type of neuron has a large cell body, large axon, and many dendritic processes?

  • Pseudounipolar neuron
  • Unipolar neuron
  • Multipolar neuron (correct)
  • Bipolar neuron

    • What is the main difference between dendrites and axons?

    <p>Dendrites conduct impulses towards the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region of the cell body lacking Nissl bodies?

    <p>Axon hillock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of neuron are Nissl bodies more abundant?

    <p>Large nerve cells such as motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Nissl bodies typically found in nerve cells?

    <p>Perikaryon and dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dendrites in nerve cells?

    <p>Conducting impulses towards the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of glial cells to neurons in the CNS?

    <p>1 neuron to 10 glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are protoplasmic astrocytes typically found?

    <p>Gray matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

    <p>Wrapping around axons to form the myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of myelin in nerves?

    <p>To allow nerve signals to travel faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microglia in the CNS?

    <p>Phagocytosing cellular debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of demyelination?

    <p>Slower transmission of nerve signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ependymal cells?

    <p>Secreting cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in peripheral nerves?

    <p>Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and no neuron cell bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of synapse where the axon terminal transmits the nerve impulse to a cell body?

    <p>Axosomatic synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the damage to myelin around nerves?

    <p>Demyelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of astrocytes in the CNS?

    <p>Sending processes to contact neurons and surrounding CNS capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>Peripheral nerves and ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the axon terminals?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses to a dendrite or cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of nerve signal transmission in unmyelinated neurons?

    <p>1 meter per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that allows nerve signals to travel faster in myelinated neurons?

    <p>Myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of synapse where the axon terminal transmits the nerve impulse to another axon?

    <p>Axoaxonic synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier?

    <p>To separate the myelin sheath segments and speeding up the transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are associated with neurones in ganglia?

    <p>Satellite cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of satellite cells?

    <p>To support the bodies of ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the synapse?

    <p>To ensure the transmission of nerve impulses is unidirectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Schwann cells and satellite cells?

    <p>Schwann cells provide a myelin sheath to axons, while satellite cells do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of myelin?

    <p>Mainly phospholipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are neurones in the peripheral nervous system located?

    <p>In ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many myelinated axons are surrounded by a single Schwann cell?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of demyelination occurs when the body's immune system attacks myelin?

    <p>Inflammatory demyelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)?

    <p>Viral infection by the JC virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of demyelination involves the peripheral nerves?

    <p>Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for demyelination caused by vascular disease or lack of oxygen in the brain?

    <p>Hypoxic-ischemic demyelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of liver damage on myelin?

    <p>Myelin damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of demyelination is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

    <p>Inflammatory demyelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of electrolyte imbalances on myelin?

    <p>Myelin damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for demyelination caused by alcohol consumption?

    <p>Alcohol-related demyelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of demyelination is associated with optic neuritis?

    <p>Inflammatory demyelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

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