Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of geography?
Description of the earth
Who is known as the father of geography?
Hecatus
Who coined the term 'geography'?
Eratosthenes
Geography is the study of _____ and his environment.
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Which of the following is a subfield of Physical Geography?
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Which branch of geography deals with the study of economic activities?
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Human geography exclusively studies natural phenomena.
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What are the two main branches of geography?
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What is cartography?
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Name one subfield of Biogeography.
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Human geography can be divided into _____ branches.
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Study Notes
Meaning of Geography
- Derived from Greek words "geo" (earth) and "graphy" (description), geography means the description of the earth and its relationship with human beings and their environment.
- Hecatus, a Greek scholar, is recognized as the father of geography for his travels around the Mediterranean and his descriptions of lands and peoples in "lies, periods."
- Eratosthenes coined the term "geography" around 200 B.C., enriching the field with his contributions.
Definitions of Geography
- Geography as the study of places and their relationships (Vidal-de-la-Blache).
- Human ecology perspective on geography (Bowman).
- Distribution science, focusing on the spatial arrangement of phenomena (Marthe).
- Study of interaction between humans and the environment (Halford Mackinder).
- Analysis of landscape and relationships between humans and nature (Ratzel).
- Exploration of spatial variations in phenomena related to humans (Geographical Congress, 1908).
Structure of Geography
- The subject matter primarily involves the relationship between man and the natural environment.
- Two main branches:
- Physical Geography: Focuses on the natural environment (land, water, air, plants, and animals).
- Human Geography: Examines human activities and their interactions with the environment.
Physical Geography
- Subfields include:
- Geomorphology: Studies landforms and drainage systems.
- Climatology: Explores weather and climate patterns.
- Biogeography: Concerns distribution of flora and fauna across the earth.
- Soil Geography (Pedology): Investigates soil characteristics and distribution.
- Hydrology: Examines the occurrence and properties of water in its various forms.
Human Geography
- Focused on human activities on Earth's surface, divided into three branches:
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Social Geography: Studies social phenomena in relation to the environment, including:
- Settlement geography (urban and rural)
- Population geography
- Political geography
- Medical geography
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Economic Geography: Investigates economic activity variations and their environmental interactions, including:
- Geography of resources
- Agricultural geography
- Transport geography
- Industrial geography
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Cultural Geography: Examines the distribution and interaction of cultural groups with the environment, including:
- Languages
- Religion
- Tools and skills
- Social organizations
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Social Geography: Studies social phenomena in relation to the environment, including:
Methodological Approaches in Geography
- Geography can also be divided by methodology:
- Systematic Geography: Studies specific geographic factors globally (e.g., rainfall patterns).
- Regional Geography: Analyzes character and integration of phenomena in specific areas.
Techniques in Geography
- Two main techniques:
- Cartography: The science and art of map-making, essential for geographic representation.
- Remote Sensing: Uses technology to gather information about the Earth's surface from a distance.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of geography as introduced in NGEC 11 (HUM-102) World Culture and Geography. This quiz covers the definition, origins, and significance of geography, examining the relationship between humans and their environment.
