ATI/ NCLEX . REVIEW. NG and NI Tubes: Insertion and Safety
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first after obtaining the supplies for NG tube insertion?

  • Perform hand hygiene.
  • Provide privacy as needed.
  • Provide client education.
  • Review the client's medical record. (correct)

A nurse is preparing to insert a nasogastric tube into an adult client. Which of the following positions is most appropriate for the client initially?

  • Trendelenburg
  • High-Fowler's (correct)
  • Supine
  • Prone

When measuring the length of the NG tube to be inserted, what anatomical landmarks are used for the NEX measurement?

  • Nose, earlobe, xiphoid process (correct)
  • Nose, earlobe, umbilicus
  • Nares, ear canal, xyphoid process
  • Nares, ear canal, epigastric region

During NG tube insertion, the client begins to gag and cough excessively. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

<p>Withdraw the tube slightly and reassess placement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pH values of aspirated gastric contents best indicates correct placement of an NG tube in the stomach?

<p>3.0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a client who has a newly inserted NG tube. What is the priority nursing intervention?

<p>Confirming tube placement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is preparing to administer medication through a nasogastric tube. Which action is most important to perform before administering the medication?

<p>Check the residual volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tasks associated with NG tube care cannot be delegated to assistive personnel (AP)?

<p>Inserting the NG tube. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with an NG tube is complaining of a sore throat. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?

<p>Providing frequent oral hygiene. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using a water-based lubricant during NG tube insertion?

<p>To reduce friction and ease insertion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is preparing to insert an NI tube. How much longer should the NI tube measurement be compared to the NG tube measurement?

<p>8 to 10 inches (20 to 25 cm) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the insertion of an NG tube, the nurse instructs the client to flex their head forward. What is the primary purpose of this action?

<p>To close the epiglottis and prevent the tube from entering the trachea. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a basilar skull fracture requires an NG tube. What special consideration should the nurse implement during insertion?

<p>Use visual guidance (e.g., fluoroscopy) during insertion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse has just inserted an NG tube and obtained a gastric aspirate. Which finding would best indicate that the tube is correctly placed in the stomach?

<p>Clear, brownish fluid with a pH of 3.0. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a client receiving intermittent feedings via NG tube. Before each feeding, the nurse checks for residual volume. Which action should the nurse take next if the residual volume is 250 mL?

<p>Return the residual to the stomach and proceed with the feeding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most reliable method to confirm correct placement of a newly inserted NG tube?

<p>Obtaining an X-ray. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After confirming the placement of an NG tube, how should the nurse secure it to prevent dislodgement?

<p>Using non-allergenic tape or a facility-approved NGT adherence device (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse do to ensure client safety after inserting an NG tube and before leaving the room?

<p>Ensure the call light is within easy reach. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary rationale for labeling the NG tube per facility policy after insertion?

<p>To ensure proper management and prevent accidental removal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the nurse consider consulting with the surgeon before inserting an NG tube?

<p>If the client has had recent surgical procedures involving the face, nose, throat, or stomach. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the nursing process is determining whether the client has any allergies?

<p>Assessment/Data Collection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for the nursing intervention to discuss findings with the client after the procedure?

<p>To decrease client anxiety and promote the nurse-client relationship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action ensures client safety before leaving the room after NG tube insertion?

<p>Placing the call light within the client's reach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse do immediately if, during NG tube insertion, the client is unable to make any sound?

<p>Stop the procedure immediately. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A registered nurse (RN) is delegating tasks to a licensed practical nurse (LPN) on a medical unit. Which of these tasks related to nasogastric (NG) tubes is appropriate for the RN to delegate to the LPN?

<p>Administering medication through an existing NG tube (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is preparing to perform a guaiac test on gastric contents aspirated from a client's NG tube. What is the primary purpose of this test?

<p>To detect the presence of blood in the gastric contents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The provider orders the nurse to discontinue the client's NG tube. After confirming the order, what is the next nursing action?

<p>Inform the client about the procedure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During NG tube insertion, the nurse notes that the client's oxygen saturation is decreasing. Which action should the nurse take first?

<p>Withdraw the NG tube. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The home health nurse is visiting a client with a newly placed NG tube for continuous feeds. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

<p>&quot;I should lie flat in bed for one hour after feeding.&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to instill 60 mL of medication through a client's NG tube. Which syringe size should the nurse select?

<p>60 mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is ordered to have a nasointestinal tube inserted for medication administration as the client is unable to tolerate feedings. Which is the primary indication of a nasointestinal tube?

<p>Administer feedings when stomach motility may be impaired (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action should the nurse implement to promote comfort to a client with a nasogastric tube?

<p>Provide oral care frequently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a newly inserted NG tube begins to exhibit signs of respiratory distress, including cyanosis and difficulty breathing. What is the priority action?

<p>Remove the NG tube. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nursing instructor is discussing the nursing process as it applies to the insertion of NG tubes. Which statement accurately describes the dynamic nature of the nursing process during skill performance?

<p>Skill steps may move back and forth between phases as the nurse progresses through the performance of the skill. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse documents the NG tube insertion in the client's medical record. Which item is most important for the nurse to include?

<p>The method used to confirm placement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a history of gastrointestinal surgeries is ordered to receive an NG tube. What special consideration should the nurse undertake?

<p>Consult with the surgeon before inserting the tube (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using skin prep before applying tape?

<p>To protect skin prior to application of adhesive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

NG/NI Tube Insertion

A flexible tube inserted through the nose to the stomach (NG) or intestines (NI) for evacuating contents, providing nutrition, or assisting with diagnostics.

Purpose of NG tube

To evacuate stomach contents, provide nutrition, or assist with diagnostic procedures.

Purpose of NI tube

To administer feedings or medications when stomach motility is impaired.

Who can insert NG/NI tubes?

Registered Nurse can delegate to Practical Nurse with demonstrated competency.

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Why check allergies before?

To prevent allergic reactions.

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Why verify client ID?

Ensures correct procedure on the correct client.

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Why use standard precautions?

Prevents transmission of infectious organisms.

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Stethoscope for NG tube

Used to determine proper NG tube placement.

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Water-based lubricant use

Lubricates the tube prior to insertion.

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Tongue blade use

Ensures that the tube is not coiled in the back of the throat.

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Syringe use

Used for irrigation and instillation.

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Hypoallergenic tape use

Securement of the tube to prevent dislodgement.

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Skin prep use

Protects skin prior to applying adhesive.

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Emesis basin use

For if the client needs to spit out water or vomit.

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Tissues/cotton swabs use

To clear the client’s nares.

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Cup of water use

Assist the client with swallowing during insertion.

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Towel or absorbent pad use

Protect the client’s clothes and linens.

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pH strip/paper use

Used to confirm placement when testing content aspiration.

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Permanent marker use

Labeling of the tube per facility policy.

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Safety pin use

Adhere the tube to the client’s clothes or gown to promote comfort.

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Reviewing the client’s medical record

Allergies, medical history, medications, previous vital sign data, pertinent laboratory values

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NEX Measurement

Distance from nose tip to earlobe to xiphoid process.

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Head position for Insertion

Extending the head forward allows for easier insertion of the tube and limits resistance.

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Swallowing during insertion

Having the client swallow helps advance the tube and protects the opening of the trachea

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Gastric pH

The pH should be less than or equal to 4.0 to indicate gastric contents.

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Documentation post Insertion

Size and type of tube inserted, Method used to confirm placement, Description of gastric contents aspirated, including the results of the pH reading, Identification of which naris the tube was inserted into, Client’s response to the procedure, Assessment, objective and subjective, Client education provided

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Surgical Considerations

Insertion of a tube on clients recovering from these types of surgeries presents the risk of damaging their sutures. Notification of the surgeon is required, and the task may need to be performed by a surgeon.

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Skull Fracture Consideration

When inserting a tube in clients who have a basilar skull fracture, visual guidance must be used, such as a fluoroscone, to prevent the tube from going into the cranial area, which would result in trauma or injury to the brain.

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Respiratory distress during insertion

The procedure is stopped immediately when these signs are present because it indicates that the tube is in the airway.

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Study Notes

  • Nasogastric (NG) and Nasointestinal (NI) tubes are flexible tubes inserted through the nose for different purposes.
  • An NG tube goes into the stomach to remove contents, provide nutrition, or aid in diagnostics.
  • An NI tube goes into the first part of the intestines, usually for feeding or medication when stomach function is poor.
  • Only registered nurses (RNs) can delegate NG/NI tube insertion to practical nurses (PNs) who are competent, not assistive personnel (AP).

Safety Considerations

  • Always check for allergies to prevent reactions.
  • Verify client identity to ensure the correct procedure on the right individual.
  • Use standard precautions to prevent infection.

Equipment Needed

  • Nonsterile gloves and PPE are required for standard precautions.
  • A Stethoscope is used to verify NG tube placement.
  • Use the correct diameter Nasointestinal tube based on the prescription and client needs.
  • Water-based lubricant aids in tube insertion.
  • A Tongue blade ensures the tube isn't coiled in the throat.
  • A 60-mL syringe or irrigation supplies are used for irrigation.
  • Hypoallergenic tape or a facility-approved device secures the tube.
  • Skin prep protects from adhesive.
  • Emesis basin is for vomit or spitting.
  • Tissues or cotton swabs clear the client’s nares.
  • A Cup of water assists with swallowing during insertion if appropriate.
  • A Towel or absorbent pad protects clothing and linens.
  • pH strip or paper is used to confirm placement.
  • Permanent marker or pen labels the tube per facility policy.
  • A Safety pin adheres the tube to clothing for comfort.

Step-by-Step Procedure

  • Step 1: Review the client’s medical record for allergies, history, medications, and lab values.
  • Step 2: Gather all necessary supplies.
  • Step 3: Ensure privacy as needed.
  • Step 4: Introduce yourself to the client.
  • Step 5: Perform hand hygiene and apply PPE if needed.
  • Step 6: Verify client identity using two identifiers.
  • Step 7: Confirm the client’s allergy status.
  • Step 8: Educate the client and establish communication signals.
  • Step 9: Assess for signs of altered nutrition like weight loss or dry skin.
  • Step 10: Position the client in high-Fowler's or at a 45° angle with chest protection.
  • Step 11: Inspect the client’s nares using a pen light for abnormalities.
  • Step 12: Measure the tubing.
    • NG tube: from nose tip (N) to earlobe (E) to xiphoid process (X) (NEX measurement).
    • NI tube: from nose tip (N) to earlobe (E) to xiphoid process (X), then add 8-10 inches (20-25 cm).
  • Step 13: Mark the measured length on the tube.
  • Step 14: Position the client with their neck neutral or extended back.
  • Step 15: Insert the tube gently through the nasal passage, rotating as needed.
  • Step 16: Have the client tilt their head forward.
  • Step 17: Reassure the client throughout.
  • Step 18: When reaching the pharynx, gagging may occur; have the client sip water or suck on ice (if not NPO), or swallow if NPO.
  • Step 19: Continue advancing the tube as the client swallows.
  • Step 20: Watch for excessive gagging or coughing, indicating misplacement.
  • Step 21: Advance the tube to the marked measurement and loosely secure it.
  • Step 22: NI tube: Allow the tube to advance into the intestines via peristalsis, following facility policy for time.
  • Step 23: NI tube: Leave the guidewire in place until placement is confirmed.
  • Step 24: Confirm placement using two methods: pH of aspirated contents (should be ≤ 4.0 for gastric placement) and/or X-ray. A radiograph is the most reliable method to confirm placement.
  • Step 25: Secure the tube according to facility policy. Ensure the vent is above stomach level for double-lumen NG tubes. Remove the guidewire from NI tubes after placement confirmation.
  • Step 26: Perform oral hygiene.
  • Step 27: Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene.
  • Step 28: Discuss findings with the client.
  • Step 29: Ensure client safety before leaving, including call light and bed position.

Client Considerations

  • Use caution with clients recovering from face, nose, throat, or stomach surgeries as tube insertion can damage sutures.
  • Visual guidance (fluoroscope) is required for clients with basilar skull injuries or fractures to prevent brain trauma.

Interventions for Unexpected Outcomes

  • Monitor respiratory function during insertion and stop if the client shows signs of cyanosis, is unable to vocalize, has continuous coughing/gagging, or if there is resistance.
  • If the client shows signs of cyanosis, is unable to vocalize, has continuous coughing/gagging, or if there is resistance, the procedure is stopped immediately because it indicates that the tube is in the airway.

Documentation

  • Document the tube size and type.
  • Document the method of placement confirmation.
  • Note the description of gastric contents, including pH.
  • Note which naris was used.
  • Document the client’s response, assessments, and education provided.

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Description

Nasogastric (NG) and Nasointestinal (NI) tubes are flexible tubes used for different purposes, such as removing stomach contents or providing nutrition. Only registered nurses (RNs) can delegate NG/NI tube insertion to practical nurses (PNs) who are competent. Important safety considerations include checking for allergies and verifying client identity.

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