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Questions and Answers
What are the three types of changes that a force can produce in an object?
A force can change the speed of an object, change the direction of motion of an object, and change the shape of the object.
What is the definition of linear momentum, and what is its SI unit?
Linear momentum is the product of mass and velocity of a body, and its SI unit is kgm/s.
What is the relation between the applied force and the rate of change of momentum according to Newton's second law of motion?
The applied force is proportional to the rate of change of momentum.
What is the relationship between the linear momenta of bodies having equal masses and velocities?
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What is the effect of a force on the motion of an object?
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What is the formula to calculate the rate of change of momentum?
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What is the difference between a force that changes the direction of motion of an object and a force that changes the shape of an object?
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What is the constant of proportionality in the equation F = k(dp/dt)?
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What is the expression for instantaneous momentum?
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What is the relationship between mass, velocity, and linear momentum of an object?
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What is the relation between momentum and mass and velocity?
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What is the expression for force in terms of mass and velocity?
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Under what condition is the expression F = k(dp/dt) valid?
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What is the physical quantity that is measured by the rate of change of momentum?
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What is the tendency of a body to remain in its position of rest called?
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What is the net external force required for a body to have zero acceleration, according to Newton's first law of motion?
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What is the relationship between the mass of a body and its inertia?
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What is the name of the law that states that every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled by some external force to change that state?
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What type of inertia is observed when a bus takes a sharp turn and a person sitting in it experiences a force acting away from the curved path?
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What is the statement that describes the concept of acceleration in Newton's first law of motion?
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What happens to a person standing in a bus when it suddenly starts moving forward?
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What is the type of inertia observed when a moving bus suddenly stops and a person sitting in it falls forward?
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Study Notes
Change of Momentum
- Change of momentum in time ∆t = ∆p
- Rate of change of momentum = ∆p / ∆t
Newton's Second Law of Motion
- Applied force ∝ rate of change of momentum
- ∆p / ∆t = kF, where k is a constant of proportionality
- Instantaneous momentum can be obtained by taking the limiting value of ∆t as 0
Force
- Force is an external agency that changes or tends to change the state of rest or uniform motion of a body
- Effects of force:
- Can change the speed of an object
- Can change the direction of motion of an object
- Can change the shape of an object
Linear Momentum
- Momentum of a body is defined as the product of mass and velocity of the body (P = mv)
- It is a vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity of the body
- SI unit is kgms⁻¹ and dimensional formula is [MLT⁻¹]
Properties of Linear Momentum
- Linear momenta of bodies with equal masses are proportional to their velocities
- Linear momenta of bodies with equal velocities are proportional to their masses
Inertia
- Inertia is the inherent property of a body that makes it continue to be in the same state of rest or uniform motion
- Inertia of a body is directly proportional to its mass
- Types of inertia:
- Inertia of rest
- Inertia of motion
- Inertia of direction
Newton's Laws of Motion
- First law of motion:
- Everybody continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled by an external force to change that state
- The law of inertia: a body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion unless an external force acts on it
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Description
This quiz covers Newton's second law of motion, which relates applied force to the rate of change of momentum. Test your understanding of this fundamental concept in physics.
