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Questions and Answers
At what age can a child typically jump off the bottom step?
At what age can a child typically jump off the bottom step?
Which of the following skills is associated with a 4-year-old?
Which of the following skills is associated with a 4-year-old?
What is typically the maximum number of words a 2-year-old can express?
What is typically the maximum number of words a 2-year-old can express?
Which statement about a 1-year-old's language development is correct?
Which statement about a 1-year-old's language development is correct?
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What skill is usually developed by a 5-year-old?
What skill is usually developed by a 5-year-old?
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At what age does the plantar grasp reflex typically disappear?
At what age does the plantar grasp reflex typically disappear?
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Which reflex involves the infant extending the arms and legs when startled?
Which reflex involves the infant extending the arms and legs when startled?
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When does an infant's birth weight typically double?
When does an infant's birth weight typically double?
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What is the response observed in the tonic neck reflex?
What is the response observed in the tonic neck reflex?
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Which reflex is characterized by an infant's toes fanning upward and out?
Which reflex is characterized by an infant's toes fanning upward and out?
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At what age does a baby primarily demonstrate a strong grasp reflex?
At what age does a baby primarily demonstrate a strong grasp reflex?
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Which of the following skills is NOT demonstrated by a 6-month-old infant?
Which of the following skills is NOT demonstrated by a 6-month-old infant?
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Which gross motor skill is typical for a 11-month-old infant?
Which gross motor skill is typical for a 11-month-old infant?
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What fine motor skill is first observed at 8 months of age?
What fine motor skill is first observed at 8 months of age?
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At what age does an infant typically start to run clumsily and jump in place with both feet?
At what age does an infant typically start to run clumsily and jump in place with both feet?
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Which of the following activities would a 2-year-old be capable of performing?
Which of the following activities would a 2-year-old be capable of performing?
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What fine motor skill does a 12-month-old infant attempt that is often unsuccessful?
What fine motor skill does a 12-month-old infant attempt that is often unsuccessful?
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At what age does a child typically demonstrate a neat pincer grasp?
At what age does a child typically demonstrate a neat pincer grasp?
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Study Notes
Newborn Reflexes
- Stepping Reflex: Occurs when an infant makes stepping motions with their feet when held upright with their feet touching a flat surface. Disappears between birth and 4 weeks.
- Moro Reflex: Elicited by allowing the infant's head and trunk to fall backward to a 30-degree angle. The infant's arms and legs extend, then abduct with fingers spreading into a C shape. This reflex disappears between birth and 4 months.
- Rooting Reflex: Turns the infant’s head when their cheek is stimulated. Disappears between birth and 4 months.
- Sucking Reflex: Starts sucking when lips are stimulated. Disappears between birth and 4 months.
- Tonic Neck Reflex: Elicited by turning an infant’s head to one side. The infant extends the arm and leg on that side and flexes the arm and leg on the opposite side. This reflex disappears between birth and 3 to 4 months.
- Palmar Grasp Reflex: Occurs when an infant grasps an object placed in their palm. Disappears between birth and 6 months.
- Plantar Grasp Reflex: Elicited by touching the sole of an infant’s foot, causing the infant's toes to curl downward. This reflex disappears between birth and 8 months.
- Babinski Reflex: Occurs when stroking the outer edge of the sole of the infant's foot up toward the toes, resulting in the infant dorsiflexing the big toe and the other toes fanning upward and out. This reflex disappears between birth and 1 year.
Infant Weight Gain
- Birth weight doubles by 6 months.
- Birth weight triples by 12 months.
Infant/Toddler Milestones
1 month
- Gross Motor: Head lag.
- Fine Motor: Strong grasp reflex.
2 months
- Gross Motor: Lifts head off mattress when prone.
- Fine Motor: Holds hands in an open position, grasp reflex fading.
3 months
- Gross Motor: Raises head and shoulders off mattress when prone.
- Fine Motor: No longer has grasp reflex, keeps hands loosely open.
4 months
- Gross Motor: Rolls from back to side.
- Fine Motor: Grasps object with both hands.
5 months
- Gross Motor: Rolls from front to back.
- Fine Motor: Uses palmar grasp dominantly.
6 months
- Gross Motor: Rolls from back to front, sits up with support.
- Fine Motor: Holds bottle.
7 months
- Gross Motor: Bears full weight on feet (7-8 months), sits leaning forward on both hands.
- Fine Motor: Moves object from hand to hand.
8 months
- Gross Motor: Sits unsupported.
- Fine Motor: Begins using pincer grasp.
9 months
- Gross Motor: Pulls to a standing position, creeps on hands and knees.
- Fine Motor: Has a crude pincer grasp, dominant hand preference evident.
10 months
- Gross Motor: Changes from a prone to sitting position.
- Fine Motor: Grasps rattle by handle.
11 months
- Gross Motor: Cruises or walks along on something.
- Fine Motor: Places object in a container, neat pincer grasp.
12 months
- Gross Motor: Sits down from a standing position without assistance, walks with one hand held.
- Fine Motor: Tries to build a two-block tower without success, can turn pages in a book (several at a time).
15 months
- Gross Motor: Walks without help, creeps up stairs.
- Fine Motor: Uses a cup well, builds a tower of two blocks.
18 months
- Gross Motor: Runs clumsily, falls often, throws a ball overhand, jumps in place with both feet, pulls and pushes toys.
- Fine Motor: Manages a spoon without rotation, turns pages in a book (two or three at a time), builds a tower of three or four blocks.
2 years
- Gross Motor: Walks up and down stairs by placing both feet on each step.
- Fine Motor: Builds a tower of six or seven blocks, turns pages of books one at a time.
2.5 years
- Gross Motor: Jumps across the floor and off a chair or step using both feet, stands on one foot momentarily, takes a few steps on tiptoe.
- Fine Motor: Draws circles, has good hand-finger coordination.
3 years
- Gross Motor: Rides a tricycle, jumps off bottom step, stands on one foot for a few seconds.
4 years
- Gross Motor: Skips and hops on one foot, throws ball overhead, catches ball reliably.
5 years
- Gross Motor: Jumps rope, walks backward with heel to toe, throws and catches a ball with ease.
Language Development
-
Infant (1-12 months)
- Begins speaking two-word phrases and progresses to speaking three-word phrases.
- Says three to five words by the age of 1 year.
- Comprehends “no” by 9 to 10 months and obeys single commands accompanied by gestures.
-
Toddler (1-3 years)
- Language increases to between 50 and 300 words by the age of 2 years.
- 1 year: Using one-word sentences or holophrases (e.g., "Doggy").
- 2 years: Using multi-word sentences by combining two to three words (e.g., "Bad doggy").
- 3 years: Combining several words to create simple sentences using grammatical rules.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various reflexes exhibited by newborns. This quiz covers key reflexes such as the Stepping, Moro, Rooting, Sucking, Tonic Neck, and Palmar Grasp reflexes. Understand when these reflexes appear and when they typically disappear.
