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Questions and Answers
Which resource was notably exploited in the Congo by Belgium?
Which resource was notably exploited in the Congo by Belgium?
What was one of the key outcomes of the Boer War?
What was one of the key outcomes of the Boer War?
Who was the reforming ruler of Ethiopia that successfully resisted Italian invasion?
Who was the reforming ruler of Ethiopia that successfully resisted Italian invasion?
What was the fate of King Leopold II's control over the Congo due to international outrage?
What was the fate of King Leopold II's control over the Congo due to international outrage?
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Which of the following statements about French expansion in Africa is true?
Which of the following statements about French expansion in Africa is true?
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What major policy was established in South Africa by 1910?
What major policy was established in South Africa by 1910?
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What significant battle did Ethiopians win against Italian forces?
What significant battle did Ethiopians win against Italian forces?
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What demographic emerged as a result of western influence in Africa?
What demographic emerged as a result of western influence in Africa?
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What was Dr. David Livingstone best known for?
What was Dr. David Livingstone best known for?
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Which leader was associated with the formation of a united Zulu nation?
Which leader was associated with the formation of a united Zulu nation?
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What characterized the East African slave trade in the early 1800s?
What characterized the East African slave trade in the early 1800s?
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What was one outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884?
What was one outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884?
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Which of the following roles did missionaries not fulfill in Africa?
Which of the following roles did missionaries not fulfill in Africa?
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What was a significant factor that limited European exploration of Africa's interior?
What was a significant factor that limited European exploration of Africa's interior?
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Which event marked the start of the scramble for colonies in Africa?
Which event marked the start of the scramble for colonies in Africa?
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What was the status of North Africa in the early 1800s?
What was the status of North Africa in the early 1800s?
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What was one of the main economic causes of the new imperialism?
What was one of the main economic causes of the new imperialism?
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Which factor contributed to the success of Western imperialism between 1870 and 1914?
Which factor contributed to the success of Western imperialism between 1870 and 1914?
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What was a key component of Social Darwinism used to justify imperialism?
What was a key component of Social Darwinism used to justify imperialism?
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How did Western nations typically administer their colonies?
How did Western nations typically administer their colonies?
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Which was a common method used by imperial nations to establish spheres of influence?
Which was a common method used by imperial nations to establish spheres of influence?
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What was one criticism of colonialism mentioned in the content?
What was one criticism of colonialism mentioned in the content?
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Why did industrial powers need bases around the world during the new imperialism?
Why did industrial powers need bases around the world during the new imperialism?
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What role did humanitarian goals play in the expansion of imperialism?
What role did humanitarian goals play in the expansion of imperialism?
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What was a significant technological advantage held by Western imperialist nations?
What was a significant technological advantage held by Western imperialist nations?
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What was one of the main reasons for resistance against Western imperial expansion?
What was one of the main reasons for resistance against Western imperial expansion?
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Study Notes
New Imperialism and Its Causes
- Imperialism is the domination of one country over another's political, economic, or cultural life.
- New imperialism is characterized by aggressive European expansion in the 1800s.
- Four main causes of New Imperialism:
- Economic interests: Industrial Revolution created a demand for resources and new markets. Colonies offered valuable outlets for manufactured goods and growing populations.
- Political and military interests: Merchant ships and naval vessels needed bases worldwide, boosting national security and prestige.
- Humanitarian goals: Missionaries and doctors believed in a duty to spread Western civilization (medicine, laws, and Christianity) to other countries.
- Social Darwinism: Belief that Europeans were superior to other races, justifying imperial conquest.
Success of Western Imperialism
- The period between 1870 and 1914 saw imperialist nations gain control over large parts of the world.
- Weakness of non-Western states: Older civilizations in decline (Ottoman Middle East, Mughal India, Qing China). Slave trade undermined empires, kingdoms, and city-states in West Africa.
- Western advantages: Strong economies, well-organized governments, powerful militaries, superior technology, and medical advances.
Forms of Imperial Rule
- Colonies: Direct rule - Officials and soldiers sent to administer colonies (French). Indirect rule - local rulers left in place, but expected to follow European advice (British).
- Protectorates: Local rulers remained in power, but expected to follow European advisors' guidance
- Spheres of Influence: Areas in which outside powers claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges
- Criticism at home: Arguments emerged concerning colonialism's morality and its impact on domestic democratic values.
The Partition of Africa
- North Africa: Part of the declining Ottoman Empire.
- West Africa: Islam grew in West Africa. Asante kingdom a significant trading power in the forest regions.
- East Africa: Muslim, source of enslaved people traded to the Middle East
- Southern Africa: Zulu expansion and wars among ethnic and tribal groups.
The Slave Trade
- East African slave trade continued despite abolition of transatlantic slave trade.
- European colonization in Africa led to organizations like Sierra Leone (1787) and Liberia (1847) for former slaves.
European Contacts Increase
- Lack of knowledge about Africa's interior due to difficult river navigation and diseases.
- Missionaries and explorers, like David Livingstone helped increase contacts with African societies.
Scramble for Colonies
- King Leopold II's activities in the Congo River Basin sparked intense European competition.
- Berlin Conference of 1884 (no African representation) established rules for European division of Africa without regard for existing African boundaries.
Horrors in the Congo
- Belgian exploitation of the Congo region for natural resources (rubber, ivory, etc) and forced labor of Africans.
- International outrage forced Belgium to relinquish control of the Congo.
French Expansion
- French expansion into Algeria and across West and Central Africa.
- British expansion into the Cape Colony and other parts of Africa.
Africans Resist Imperialism
- Ethiopia successfully resisted Italian invasion in 1896, preserving its independence.
- Emergence of an African elite who sought independence through diplomacy, education, or military force.
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Description
Explore the factors that led to New Imperialism, characterized by European expansion in the 1800s. This quiz covers economic interests, political motives, humanitarian goals, and the impact of Social Darwinism. Test your knowledge on this critical period in history.
