New Delhi: History and Geography

Location and History

• New Delhi is the capital of India, located in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi.
• The city has a long history, dating back to the 6th century BC when it was known as Indraprastha.
• New Delhi was designed by British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker in 1912 and officially became the capital of India in 1927.

Geography and Climate

• New Delhi is situated in the northern part of India, near the Yamuna River.
• The city has an area of approximately 1,484 square kilometers.
• New Delhi has a humid subtropical climate with very hot summers and mild winters.

Economy and Demographics

• New Delhi is a major hub for trade, commerce, and industry, with a strong service sector.
• The city has a population of over 29 million people, making it one of the most populous cities in the world.
• Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu are the most widely spoken languages in the city.

Landmarks and Attractions

• The city is home to many historical landmarks, including the Qutub Minar, Red Fort, and India Gate.
• The Rashtrapati Bhavan, the official residence of the President of India, is also located in New Delhi.
• The city hosts many cultural events and festivals, including the Republic Day parade and the Qutub Festival.

Location and History

• New Delhi is the capital of India, situated in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi.
• The city has a rich history, dating back to the 6th century BC, when it was known as Indraprastha.

Geography and Climate

• New Delhi is located in the northern part of India, near the Yamuna River.
• The city covers an area of approximately 1,484 square kilometers.
• New Delhi has a humid subtropical climate, characterized by very hot summers and mild winters.

Economy and Demographics

• New Delhi is a major hub for trade, commerce, and industry, with a strong service sector.
• The city has a massive population of over 29 million people, making it one of the most populous cities in the world.
• Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu are the most widely spoken languages in the city.

Landmarks and Attractions

• The city is home to many historical landmarks, including the Qutub Minar, Red Fort, and India Gate.
• The Rashtrapati Bhavan, the official residence of the President of India, is located in New Delhi.
• The city hosts many cultural events and festivals, including the Republic Day parade and the Qutub Festival.

Thermal Conductivity of Metals

• Thermal conductivity (k) measures a material's ability to conduct heat, measured in Watts per meter per Kelvin (W/m·K)

Factors Affecting Thermal Conductivity of Metals

• Higher electron density increases thermal conductivity
• Face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure tends to have higher thermal conductivity than body-centered cubic (BCC) structure
• Impurities decrease thermal conductivity
• Thermal conductivity generally increases with temperature, but may decrease at very high temperatures

Thermal Conductivity of Common Metals

• Copper: 386 W/m·K (highest among metals at room temperature)
• Silver: 429 W/m·K (highest among metals at high temperatures)
• Aluminum: 237 W/m·K
• Iron: 79.5 W/m·K
• Tungsten: 173 W/m·K

Applications of High Thermal Conductivity Metals

• Copper and silver are used in heat sinks for electronic devices
• Copper and aluminum are used in cookware for efficient heat transfer
• High thermal conductivity metals are used in aerospace applications to manage heat generated by engines and friction

Comparing Thermal Conductivity of Metals to Other Materials

• Diamond: 2000-2500 W/m·K (highest among all materials)
• Graphite: 100-200 W/m·K
• Ceramics: 1-10 W/m·K
• Polymers: 0.1-1 W/m·K